Homo naledi of the Rising Star cave
A tiny brain, yet living alongside the first Homo sapiens
In 2013 cavers slim enough to squeeze through a chute about 18 cm wide reached a chamber near Johannesburg and found more than 1,500 bones of an unknown human species. They are 335,000–236,000 years old: people about 1.4 m tall, with brains less than half the size of ours, lived at the same time as the earliest Homo sapiens.