Directory
All of world history at once, on a globe. Every page on the site: centuries, people, events and states.
Rulers
- Rulers of Russia
- US Presidents
- British Monarchs
- Kings of France
- Holy Roman / Austrian Emperors
- Ottoman Sultans
- Chinese dynasties
- Japanese shoguns & emperors
Art and styles
64 styles and 408 works — Paleolithic cave painting, Megaliths, Mesopotamian art, Ancient Egyptian art, Aegean art, Shang and Zhou bronzes, Olmec art, Nok terracottas, Ancient Greek art: Archaic and Classical, Scythian animal style, Hellenistic art, Ancient Roman art, Gandhara art, Classic Maya art, Byzantine art, Insular art (Ireland and Britain), Early Islamic art (Umayyad and Abbasid), Moorish style (al-Andalus), Khmer art of Angkor, Yamato-e, Heian Japanese painting, Song landscape painting, Pre-Mongol architecture of Rus, Romanesque, Ife and Benin bronzes, Gothic, Persian miniature, Aztec Art, Ming and Qing Porcelain, Russian Icon Painting: Theophanes, Rublev, Dionisius, Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance, Inca Architecture, Classical Ottoman Architecture (Sinan), Mannerism, Mughal Art, Tented Churches, Baroque, Dutch Golden Age Painting, Latin American Baroque, Ukiyo-e, Naryshkin Baroque, Rococo, Elizabethan Baroque, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Peredvizhniki (The Wanderers), Post-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Expressionism, Cubism, Russian avant-garde, Harlem Renaissance, Modern architecture (International Style), Constructivism, Art Deco, Mexican muralism, Surrealism, Socialist realism, Abstract expressionism, Pop art, Postmodernism, Western Desert dot painting
Centuries
- 36th century BC
- 34th century BC
- 33rd century BC
- 32nd century BC
- 31st century BC
- 28th century BC
- 27th century BC
- 26th century BC
- 24th century BC
- 23rd century BC
- 22nd century BC
- 21st century BC
- 20th century BC
- 18th century BC
- 17th century BC
- 16th century BC
- 15th century BC
- 14th century BC
- 13th century BC
- 12th century BC
- 11th century BC
- 10th century BC
- 9th century BC
- 8th century BC
- 7th century BC
- 6th century BC
- 5th century BC
- 4th century BC
- 3rd century BC
- 2nd century BC
- 1st century BC
- Prehistory
- 1st century
- 2nd century
- 3rd century
- 4th century
- 5th century
- 6th century
- 7th century
- 8th century
- 9th century
- 10th century
- 11th century
- 12th century
- 13th century
- 14th century
- 15th century
- 16th century
- 17th century
- 18th century
- 19th century
- 20th century
- 21st century
People (697)
Europe
- Ada Lovelace 1815–1852
- Adam Smith 1723–1790
- Adolf Hitler 1889–1945
- Adolf of Nassau 1250–1298
- Æthelred the Unready 966–1016
- Æthelstan 894–939
- Alan Turing 1912–1954
- Albert Einstein 1879–1955
- Albert I 1255–1308
- Albert II 1397–1439
- Alfred the Great 849–899
- Antonio Vivaldi 1678–1741
- Archimedes 287 BC–212 BC
- Aristotle 384 BC–322 BC
- Artemisia Gentileschi 1593–1653
- Aspasia 470 BC–400 BC
- Attila 406–453
- Augustus 63 BC–14
- Averroes (Ibn Rushd) 1126–1198
- Carl Linnaeus 1707–1778
- Catherine de' Medici 1519–1589
- Cato the Elder 234 BC–149 BC
- Charlemagne 748–814
- Charles Darwin 1809–1882
- Charles Dickens 1812–1870
- Charles I 1600–1649
- Charles I of Austria 1887–1922
- Charles II 1630–1685
- Charles IV 1316–1378
- Charles IV the Fair 1294–1328
- Charles IX 1550–1574
- Charles the Bald 823–877
- Charles V 1500–1558
- Charles V the Wise 1338–1380
- Charles VI 1685–1740
- Charles VI the Mad 1368–1422
- Charles VII 1403–1461
- Charles VII 1697–1745
- Charles VIII 1470–1498
- Charles X 1757–1836
- Christine de Pizan 1364–1430
- Cicero 106 BC–43 BC
- Claude Monet 1840–1926
- Clovis I 466–511
- Cnut the Great 995–1035
- Conrad II 990–1039
- Conrad III 1093–1152
- Conrad IV 1228–1254
- Dante Alighieri 1265–1321
- Edgar the Peaceful 943–975
- Edward I Longshanks 1239–1307
- Edward II 1284–1327
- Edward III 1312–1377
- Edward IV 1442–1483
- Edward the Confessor 1003–1066
- Edward the Elder 874–924
- Edward VI 1537–1553
- Edward VII 1841–1910
- Eleanor of Aquitaine 1124–1204
- Elizabeth I 1533–1603
- Elizabeth II 1926–2022
- Émilie du Châtelet 1706–1749
- Ferdinand I 1503–1564
- Ferdinand I of Austria 1793–1875
- Ferdinand II 1578–1637
- Ferdinand III 1608–1657
- Fibonacci 1170–1250
- Florence Nightingale 1820–1910
- Francis I 1494–1547
- Francis I 1708–1765
- Francis II 1544–1560
- Francis II 1768–1835
- Francis of Assisi 1182–1226
- Francisco Goya 1746–1828
- Franz Joseph I 1830–1916
- Franz Kafka 1883–1924
- Frédéric Chopin 1810–1849
- Frederick Barbarossa 1122–1190
- Frederick II 1194–1250
- Frederick III 1415–1493
- Frederick the Great 1712–1786
- Galen 129–216
- Galileo Galilei 1564–1642
- Geoffrey Chaucer 1343–1400
- George I 1660–1727
- George II 1683–1760
- George III 1738–1820
- George IV 1762–1830
- George V 1865–1936
- George VI 1895–1952
- Giotto 1267–1337
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1646–1716
- Gustavus Adolphus 1594–1632
- Henry I 1008–1060
- Henry I Beauclerc 1068–1135
- Henry II 973–1024
- Henry II 1133–1189
- Henry II 1519–1559
- Henry III 1016–1056
- Henry III 1207–1272
- Henry III 1551–1589
- Henry IV 1050–1106
- Henry IV 1367–1413
- Henry IV 1553–1610
- Henry V 1086–1125
- Henry V 1386–1422
- Henry VI 1165–1197
- Henry VI 1421–1471
- Henry VII 1273–1313
- Henry VII 1457–1509
- Henry VIII 1491–1547
- Hildegard of Bingen 1098–1179
- Hippocrates 460 BC–370 BC
- Hugh Capet 940–996
- Immanuel Kant 1724–1804
- Isaac Newton 1643–1727
- Isabella I of Castile 1451–1504
- James I 1566–1625
- James II 1633–1701
- James Watt 1736–1819
- Jan Hus 1370–1415
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712–1778
- Joan of Arc 1412–1431
- Johann Sebastian Bach 1685–1750
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1749–1832
- Johannes Gutenberg 1400–1468
- Johannes Kepler 1571–1630
- John Calvin 1509–1564
- John II the Good 1319–1364
- John Lackland 1166–1216
- Joseph I 1678–1711
- Joseph II 1741–1790
- Julius Caesar 100 BC–44 BC
- Karl Marx 1818–1883
- Leonardo da Vinci 1452–1519
- Leonidas I 540 BC–480 BC
- Leopold I 1640–1705
- Leopold II 1747–1792
- Livia Drusilla 59 BC–29
- Lothair III 1075–1137
- Louis Pasteur 1822–1895
- Louis Philippe I 1773–1850
- Louis the Bavarian 1282–1347
- Louis the Pious 778–840
- Louis VI the Fat 1081–1137
- Louis VII the Young 1120–1180
- Louis VIII the Lion 1187–1226
- Louis X the Quarreller 1289–1316
- Louis XI 1423–1483
- Louis XII 1462–1515
- Louis XIII 1601–1643
- Louis XIV 1638–1715
- Louis XV 1710–1774
- Louis XVI 1754–1793
- Louis XVIII 1755–1824
- Ludwig van Beethoven 1770–1827
- Marcus Aurelius 121–180
- Maria Theresa 1717–1780
- Marie Antoinette 1755–1793
- Marie Curie 1867–1934
- Martin Luther 1483–1546
- Mary I 1516–1558
- Mary Wollstonecraft 1759–1797
- Mary, Queen of Scots 1542–1587
- Matthias 1557–1619
- Maximilian I 1459–1519
- Maximilian II 1527–1576
- Michelangelo 1475–1564
- Miguel de Cervantes 1547–1616
- Napoleon Bonaparte 1769–1821
- Napoleon III 1808–1873
- Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1543
- Oliver Cromwell 1599–1658
- Olympias 375 BC–316 BC
- Otto II 955–983
- Otto III 980–1002
- Otto IV 1175–1218
- Otto the Great 912–973
- Otto von Bismarck 1815–1898
- Pablo Picasso 1881–1973
- Pericles 495 BC–429 BC
- Petrarch 1304–1374
- Phidias 480 BC–430 BC
- Philip I 1052–1108
- Philip II Augustus 1165–1223
- Philip II of Spain 1527–1598
- Philip III the Bold 1245–1285
- Philip IV the Fair 1268–1314
- Philip of Swabia 1177–1208
- Philip V the Tall 1291–1322
- Philip VI 1293–1350
- Plato 428 BC–348 BC
- Pompey the Great 106 BC–48 BC
- Pythagoras 570 BC–495 BC
- Pytheas 350 BC–285 BC
- Queen Anne 1665–1714
- Queen Victoria 1819–1901
- Rembrandt 1606–1669
- René Descartes 1596–1650
- Richard II 1367–1400
- Richard III 1452–1485
- Richard Wagner 1813–1883
- Roald Amundsen 1872–1928
- Robert II the Pious 972–1031
- Rudolf I 1218–1291
- Rudolf II 1552–1612
- Rupert of the Palatinate 1352–1410
- Saint Louis (Louis IX) 1214–1270
- Sappho 630 BC–570 BC
- Scipio Africanus 236 BC–183 BC
- Sigismund 1368–1437
- Sigmund Freud 1856–1939
- Socrates 470 BC–399 BC
- Sofya Kovalevskaya 1850–1891
- Solon 630 BC–560 BC
- Sophocles 497 BC–406 BC
- Spartacus 103 BC–71 BC
- Stephen of Blois 1094–1154
- Themistocles 524 BC–459 BC
- Thomas Aquinas 1225–1274
- Victor Hugo 1802–1885
- Vincent van Gogh 1853–1890
- Virgil 70 BC–19 BC
- Voltaire 1694–1778
- Wenceslaus 1361–1419
- William II Rufus 1056–1100
- William III of Orange 1650–1702
- William IV 1765–1837
- William Shakespeare 1564–1616
- William the Conqueror 1028–1087
- Winston Churchill 1874–1965
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756–1791
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Alexander I 1777–1825
- Alexander II of Russia 1818–1881
- Alexander III the Peacemaker 1845–1894
- Alexander Nevsky 1221–1263
- Alexander Pushkin 1799–1837
- Alexander Suvorov 1730–1800
- Alexis the Most Quiet 1629–1676
- Andrei Rublev 1360–1428
- Andrei Sakharov 1921–1989
- Andrey Bogolyubsky 1111–1174
- Anna 1693–1740
- Anna Akhmatova 1889–1966
- Anton Chekhov 1860–1904
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky 1595–1657
- Boris Godunov 1552–1605
- Boris Yeltsin 1931–2007
- Catherine I 1684–1727
- Catherine the Great 1729–1796
- Daniel of Moscow 1261–1303
- Dmitri Mendeleev 1834–1907
- Dmitri Shostakovich 1906–1975
- Dmitry Donskoy 1350–1389
- Dmitry Pozharsky 1578–1642
- Elizabeth 1709–1762
- False Dmitry I 1581–1606
- Feodor I 1557–1598
- Feodor III 1661–1682
- Fyodor Dostoevsky 1821–1881
- Igor of Kiev 878–945
- Ivan II the Fair 1326–1359
- Ivan III 1440–1505
- Ivan Kalita 1288–1340
- Ivan Pavlov 1849–1936
- Ivan the Terrible 1530–1584
- Ivan VI 1740–1764
- Iziaslav I 1024–1078
- Joseph Stalin 1878–1953
- Konstantin Chernenko 1911–1985
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 1857–1935
- Leo Tolstoy 1828–1910
- Leonhard Euler 1707–1783
- Leonid Brezhnev 1906–1982
- Michael I 1596–1645
- Mikhail Bulgakov 1891–1940
- Mikhail Gorbachev 1931–2022
- Mikhail Kutuzov 1745–1813
- Mikhail Lomonosov 1711–1765
- Mstislav the Great 1076–1132
- Nestor the Chronicler 1056–1114
- Nicholas I 1796–1855
- Nicholas II 1868–1918
- Nikita Khrushchev 1894–1971
- Oleg the Wise 845–912
- Olga of Kiev 920–969
- Paul I 1754–1801
- Peter II 1715–1730
- Peter III 1728–1762
- Peter the Great 1672–1725
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840–1893
- Rurik 830–879
- Sergei Korolev 1907–1966
- Sergius of Radonezh 1314–1392
- Simeon the Proud 1316–1353
- Sophia Palaiologina 1455–1503
- Sviatopolk II 1050–1113
- Sviatopolk the Accursed 980–1019
- Sviatoslav I 942–972
- Vasily I 1371–1425
- Vasily II the Blind 1415–1462
- Vasily III 1479–1533
- Vasily Shuisky 1552–1612
- Vitus Bering 1681–1741
- Vladimir II Monomakh 1053–1125
- Vladimir Lenin 1870–1924
- Vladimir the Great 960–1015
- Vsevolod I 1030–1093
- Vsevolod the Big Nest 1154–1212
- Yaropolk I 955–978
- Yaroslav II of Vladimir 1191–1246
- Yaroslav the Wise 978–1054
- Yemelyan Pugachev 1742–1775
- Yermak Timofeyevich 1532–1585
- Yuri Andropov 1914–1984
- Yuri Dolgoruky 1099–1157
- Yuri Gagarin 1934–1968
- Yuri II of Vladimir 1189–1238
- Yury of Moscow 1281–1325
Middle East
- Abbas the Great 1571–1629
- Abdul Hamid I 1725–1789
- Abdul Hamid II 1842–1918
- Abdulaziz 1830–1876
- Abdulmejid I 1823–1861
- Ahmed I 1590–1617
- Ahmed II 1643–1695
- Ahmed III 1673–1736
- Al-Ghazali 1058–1111
- Al-Khwarizmi 780–850
- Alexander the Great 356 BC–323 BC
- Ali ibn Abi Talib 600–661
- Anna Komnene 1083–1153
- Ashurbanipal 685 BC–631 BC
- Avicenna (Ibn Sina) 980–1037
- Bayezid I the Thunderbolt 1360–1403
- Bayezid II 1447–1512
- Constantine the Great 272–337
- Cyrus the Great 600 BC–530 BC
- Darius the Great 550 BC–486 BC
- Enheduanna 2285 BC–2250 BC
- Evliya Çelebi 1611–1682
- Ferdowsi 940–1020
- Gamal Abdel Nasser 1918–1970
- Golda Meir 1898–1978
- Gudea 2170 BC–2124 BC
- Hafez 1325–1390
- Hammurabi 1810 BC–1750 BC
- Harun al-Rashid 766–809
- Heraclitus 535 BC–475 BC
- Herod the Great 72 BC–4 BC
- Herodotus 484 BC–425 BC
- Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) 1505–1558
- Ibrahim the Mad 1615–1648
- Justinian I 482–565
- Khosrow I 501–579
- Kösem Sultan 1589–1651
- Mahmud I 1696–1754
- Mahmud II 1785–1839
- Mehmed I Çelebi 1389–1421
- Mehmed II 1432–1481
- Mehmed III 1566–1603
- Mehmed IV the Hunter 1642–1693
- Mehmed V Reşad 1844–1918
- Mehmed VI 1861–1926
- Mithridates VI Eupator 135 BC–63 BC
- Muhammad 570–632
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 1703–1792
- Murad I 1326–1389
- Murad II 1404–1451
- Murad III 1546–1595
- Murad IV 1612–1640
- Mustafa I 1600–1639
- Mustafa II 1664–1703
- Mustafa III 1717–1774
- Mustafa IV 1779–1808
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1881–1938
- Nader Shah 1688–1747
- Naguib Mahfouz 1911–2006
- Nâzım Hikmet 1902–1963
- Nebuchadnezzar II 642 BC–562 BC
- Omar Khayyam 1048–1131
- Orhan 1281–1362
- Osman I 1258–1324
- Osman II 1604–1622
- Osman III 1699–1757
- Paul the Apostle 5–64
- Richard the Lionheart 1157–1199
- Rumi 1207–1273
- Sargon of Akkad 2360 BC–2279 BC
- Selim I the Grim 1470–1520
- Selim II 1524–1574
- Selim III 1761–1808
- Suleiman II 1642–1691
- Suleiman the Magnificent 1494–1566
- Tamar of Georgia 1166–1213
- Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf 1526–1585
- Thales of Miletus 624 BC–546 BC
- Theodora 500–548
- Umm Kulthum 1898–1975
- Xerxes I 518 BC–465 BC
- Zenobia 240–274
Africa
- Ahmad al-Mansur 1549–1603
- Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 1506–1543
- Ahmed Baba 1556–1627
- Akhenaten 1380 BC–1336 BC
- Albert Schweitzer 1875–1965
- Amanirenas 60 BC–10 BC
- Anthony the Great 251–356
- Arsinoe II 316 BC–270 BC
- Askia Muhammad I 1443–1538
- Augustine of Hippo 354–430
- Chinua Achebe 1930–2013
- Claudius Ptolemy 100–170
- Cleopatra 69 BC–30 BC
- David Livingstone 1813–1873
- Eratosthenes 276 BC–194 BC
- Euclid 325 BC–270 BC
- Ezana of Axum 320–360
- Fasilides 1603–1667
- Fela Kuti 1938–1997
- Haile Selassie 1892–1975
- Hannibal 247 BC–183 BC
- Hatshepsut 1507 BC–1458 BC
- Hypatia 360–415
- Ibn Battuta 1304–1369
- Ibn Khaldun 1332–1406
- Imhotep 2690 BC–2610 BC
- Julius Nyerere 1922–1999
- Khufu (Cheops) 2620 BC–2566 BC
- Kimpa Vita 1684–1706
- Kwame Nkrumah 1909–1972
- Léopold Sédar Senghor 1906–2001
- Maimonides 1138–1204
- Mansa Musa 1280–1337
- Menelik II 1844–1913
- Miriam Makeba 1932–2008
- Moshoeshoe I 1786–1870
- Moulay Ismail 1645–1727
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt 1769–1849
- Nefertari 1300 BC–1255 BC
- Nefertiti 1370 BC–1330 BC
- Nelson Mandela 1918–2013
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba 1583–1663
- Osei Tutu I 1660–1717
- Patrice Lumumba 1925–1961
- Piye 770 BC–714 BC
- Ptolemy I Soter 367 BC–282 BC
- Ramesses II 1303 BC–1213 BC
- Ranavalona I 1778–1861
- Saladin 1137–1193
- Samori Ture 1828–1900
- Shaka 1787–1828
- Sundiata Keita 1217–1255
- Taytu Betul 1851–1918
- Thutmose III 1481 BC–1425 BC
- Tutankhamun 1341 BC–1323 BC
- Usman dan Fodio 1754–1817
- Wangarĩ Maathai 1940–2011
- Yaa Asantewaa 1840–1921
Asia
- Akbar the Great 1542–1605
- Akira Kurosawa 1910–1998
- Al-Biruni 973–1048
- Aryabhata 476–550
- Ashikaga Takauji 1305–1358
- Ashikaga Yoshiaki 1537–1597
- Ashikaga Yoshiakira 1330–1367
- Ashikaga Yoshiharu 1511–1550
- Ashikaga Yoshihide 1538–1568
- Ashikaga Yoshihisa 1465–1489
- Ashikaga Yoshikatsu 1434–1443
- Ashikaga Yoshikazu 1407–1425
- Ashikaga Yoshimasa 1436–1490
- Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 1358–1408
- Ashikaga Yoshimochi 1386–1428
- Ashikaga Yoshinori 1394–1441
- Ashikaga Yoshitane 1466–1523
- Ashikaga Yoshiteru 1536–1565
- Ashikaga Yoshizumi 1481–1511
- Ashoka 304 BC–232 BC
- Aurangzeb 1618–1707
- Babur 1483–1530
- Ban Zhao 45–117
- Bruce Lee 1940–1973
- C. V. Raman 1888–1970
- Cao Cao 155–220
- Cao Xueqin 1715–1763
- Chandragupta Maurya 340 BC–297 BC
- Chulalongkorn (Rama V) 1853–1910
- Confucius 551 BC–479 BC
- Emperor Go-Daigo 1288–1339
- Emperor Kanmu 737–806
- Emperor Meiji 1852–1912
- Emperor Taishō 1879–1926
- Emperor Taizong of Tang 598–649
- Emperor Wu of Han 156 BC–87 BC
- Empress Dowager Cixi 1835–1908
- Empress Lü (Lü Zhi) 241 BC–180 BC
- Fu Hao 1240 BC–1200 BC
- Gajah Mada 1290–1364
- Gautama Buddha 563 BC–483 BC
- Genghis Khan 1162–1227
- Guru Nanak 1469–1539
- Hideki Yukawa 1907–1981
- Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa) 1901–1989
- Ho Chi Minh 1890–1969
- Indira Gandhi 1917–1984
- Jawaharlal Nehru 1889–1964
- Jayavarman VII 1122–1218
- José Rizal 1861–1896
- Kangxi Emperor 1654–1722
- Kartini 1879–1904
- Katsushika Hokusai 1760–1849
- Koxinga 1624–1662
- Kublai Khan 1215–1294
- Li Bai 701–762
- Li Qingzhao 1084–1155
- Li Shizhen 1518–1593
- Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu of Han) 256 BC–195 BC
- Lu Xun 1881–1936
- Mahatma Gandhi 1869–1948
- Mahavira 599 BC–527 BC
- Mao Zedong 1893–1976
- Marco Polo 1254–1324
- Matsuo Bashō 1644–1694
- Matteo Ricci 1552–1610
- Mencius 372 BC–289 BC
- Minamoto no Yoritomo 1147–1199
- Mirabai 1498–1547
- Modu Chanyu 234 BC–174 BC
- Mother Teresa 1910–1997
- Mumtaz Mahal 1593–1631
- Murasaki Shikibu 973–1014
- Nikolay Przhevalsky 1839–1888
- Nur Jahan 1577–1645
- Nurhaci 1559–1626
- Oda Nobunaga 1534–1582
- Prince Shōtoku 574–622
- Qianlong Emperor 1711–1799
- Qin Shi Huang 259 BC–210 BC
- Qu Yuan 340 BC–278 BC
- Rabindranath Tagore 1861–1941
- Razia Sultana 1205–1240
- Sei Shōnagon 966–1025
- Sejong the Great 1397–1450
- Shah Jahan 1592–1666
- Shen Kuo 1031–1095
- Shivaji 1630–1680
- Shoqan Walikhanov 1835–1865
- Sima Qian 145 BC–86 BC
- Srinivasa Ramanujan 1887–1920
- Sukarno 1901–1970
- Sun Tzu 544 BC–496 BC
- Sun Yat-sen 1866–1925
- Swami Vivekananda 1863–1902
- Timur 1336–1405
- Tipu Sultan 1751–1799
- Tokugawa Hidetada 1579–1632
- Tokugawa Ieharu 1737–1786
- Tokugawa Iemitsu 1604–1651
- Tokugawa Iemochi 1846–1866
- Tokugawa Ienari 1773–1841
- Tokugawa Ienobu 1662–1712
- Tokugawa Iesada 1824–1858
- Tokugawa Ieshige 1712–1761
- Tokugawa Ietsugu 1709–1716
- Tokugawa Ietsuna 1641–1680
- Tokugawa Ieyasu 1543–1616
- Tokugawa Ieyoshi 1793–1853
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 1646–1709
- Tokugawa Yoshimune 1684–1751
- Tokugawa Yoshinobu 1837–1913
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1537–1598
- Tulsidas 1532–1623
- Ulugh Beg 1394–1449
- Vasco da Gama 1469–1524
- Wu Zetian 624–705
- Xuanzang 602–664
- Yi Sun-sin 1545–1598
- Zhang Heng 78–139
- Zhang Qian 164 BC–113 BC
- Zheng He 1371–1433
- Zhuangzi 369 BC–286 BC
- Zhuge Liang 181–234
Americas
- Abraham Lincoln 1809–1865
- Alberto Santos-Dumont 1873–1932
- Aleijadinho 1730–1814
- Alexander Graham Bell 1847–1922
- Amelia Earhart 1897–1937
- Andrew Jackson 1767–1845
- Andrew Johnson 1808–1875
- Atahualpa 1502–1533
- Bartolomé de las Casas 1484–1566
- Benito Juárez 1806–1872
- Benjamin Franklin 1706–1790
- Benjamin Harrison 1833–1901
- Calvin Coolidge 1872–1933
- Charlie Chaplin 1889–1977
- Che Guevara 1928–1967
- Chester A. Arthur 1829–1886
- Christopher Columbus 1451–1506
- Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890–1969
- Emiliano Zapata 1879–1919
- Emily Dickinson 1830–1886
- Eva Perón 1919–1952
- Ferdinand Magellan 1480–1521
- Fidel Castro 1926–2016
- Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882–1945
- Franklin Pierce 1804–1869
- Frederick Douglass 1818–1895
- Frida Kahlo 1907–1954
- Gabriel García Márquez 1927–2014
- Gabriela Mistral 1889–1957
- George H. W. Bush 1924–2018
- George Washington 1732–1799
- Gerald Ford 1913–2006
- Grover Cleveland 1837–1908
- Harriet Tubman 1822–1913
- Harry S. Truman 1884–1972
- Henry Ford 1863–1947
- Herbert Hoover 1874–1964
- Hernán Cortés 1485–1547
- Huayna Capac 1464–1527
- Inca Garcilaso de la Vega 1539–1616
- James Buchanan 1791–1868
- James K. Polk 1795–1849
- James Madison 1751–1836
- James Monroe 1758–1831
- Jimmy Carter 1924–2024
- John Adams 1735–1826
- John F. Kennedy 1917–1963
- John Quincy Adams 1767–1848
- John Tyler 1790–1862
- Jorge Luis Borges 1899–1986
- José de San Martín 1778–1850
- José Martí 1853–1895
- Juana Azurduy 1780–1862
- Lady Six Sky 682–741
- Leif Erikson 970–1020
- Louis Armstrong 1901–1971
- Lyndon B. Johnson 1908–1973
- Mark Twain 1835–1910
- Martin Luther King Jr. 1929–1968
- Martin Van Buren 1782–1862
- Miguel Hidalgo 1753–1811
- Millard Fillmore 1800–1874
- Moctezuma II 1466–1520
- Neil Armstrong 1930–2012
- Nezahualcoyotl 1402–1472
- Nikola Tesla 1856–1943
- Pablo Neruda 1904–1973
- Pachacuti 1418–1471
- Pakal the Great 603–683
- Pedro II of Brazil 1825–1891
- Pelé 1940–2022
- Pocahontas 1596–1617
- Richard Nixon 1913–1994
- Ronald Reagan 1911–2004
- Rutherford B. Hayes 1822–1893
- Samuel de Champlain 1567–1635
- Simón Bolívar 1783–1830
- Sitting Bull 1831–1890
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 1648–1695
- Tecumseh 1768–1813
- Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919
- Thomas Edison 1847–1931
- Thomas Jefferson 1743–1826
- Toussaint Louverture 1743–1803
- Túpac Amaru II 1738–1781
- Ulysses S. Grant 1822–1885
- Walt Disney 1901–1966
- Warren G. Harding 1865–1923
- William Howard Taft 1857–1930
- William McKinley 1843–1901
- Woodrow Wilson 1856–1924
- Zachary Taylor 1784–1850
Oceania
- Abel Tasman 1603–1659
- Albert Namatjira 1902–1959
- Arthur Phillip 1738–1814
- Bennelong 1764–1813
- Don Bradman 1908–2001
- Douglas Mawson 1882–1958
- Eddie Mabo 1936–1992
- Edmund Hillary 1919–2008
- Ernest Rutherford 1871–1937
- Henry Parkes 1815–1896
- Hongi Hika 1772–1828
- Howard Florey 1898–1968
- James Cook 1728–1779
- Kamehameha I 1758–1819
- Kate Sheppard 1847–1934
- Katherine Mansfield 1888–1923
- Liliʻuokalani 1838–1917
- Ned Kelly 1854–1880
- Nellie Melba 1861–1931
- Sālote Tupou III 1900–1965
- Truganini 1812–1876
- Tupaia 1725–1770
Events (829)
36th century BC
- c. 3500 BC The invention of the wheel
34th century BC
- c. 3300 BC Death of Ötzi the Iceman
33rd century BC
- c. 3200 BC Invention of writing in Sumer
32nd century BC
- c. 3100 BC Unification of Egypt under Narmer
31st century BC
- c. 3000 BC–2000 BC Building of Stonehenge
- c. 3000 BC End of the Green Sahara
28th century BC
- c. 2700 BC Last ground sloths of Cuba
27th century BC
- c. 2670 BC Step Pyramid of Djoser
- c. 2600 BC Rise of Caral
26th century BC
- c. 2560 BC Great Pyramid of Giza
- c. 2500 BC Rise of Mohenjo-daro
24th century BC
- c. 2334 BC Sargon founds the Akkadian Empire
23rd century BC
- c. 2200 BC–2100 BC 4.2-kiloyear drought
22nd century BC
- c. 2100 BC Great Ziggurat of Ur
- c. 2100 BC Sintashta culture and the first chariots
21st century BC
- c. 2070 BC Xia dynasty
- c. 2000 BC Last woolly mammoths
20th century BC
- c. 1995 BC Avellino eruption of Vesuvius
- c. 1920 BC Jishi Gorge outburst flood
- c. 1900 BC Palace of Knossos
18th century BC
- c. 1754 BC Code of Hammurabi
- c. 1700 BC Poverty Point earthworks
17th century BC
- c. 1600 BC Minoan eruption of Thera
- c. 1600 BC Founding of the Shang dynasty
16th century BC
- c. 1500 BC Emergence of the Lapita culture
- c. 1500 BC Composition of the Rigveda
- c. 1500 BC Earliest domestic chickens
15th century BC
- c. 1470 BC Hatshepsut's expedition to Punt
- c. 1457 BC Battle of Megiddo
- c. 1450 BC Dingoes reach Australia
14th century BC
- c. 1346 BC Akhenaten founds Akhetaten
13th century BC
- 1274 BC Battle of Kadesh
- c. 1264 BC Temples of Abu Simbel
- c. 1250 BC Oracle bone inscriptions
- c. 1250 BC The Exodus
- c. 1200 BC Rise of Olmec San Lorenzo
- c. 1200 BC Bronzes of Sanxingdui
- c. 1200 BC Thylacine vanishes from mainland Australia
12th century BC
- c. 1184 BC Trojan War
- c. 1175 BC Ramesses III repels the Sea Peoples
11th century BC
- c. 1050 BC Phoenician alphabet
- 1046 BC Battle of Muye
- c. 1000 BC Nok culture
- c. 1000 BC David makes Jerusalem his capital
10th century BC
- c. 957 BC Solomon's Temple
- c. 900 BC Chavín de Huántar
9th century BC
- c. 880 BC Settlement of Tonga
- c. 814 BC Founding of Carthage
8th century BC
- 776 BC First Olympic Games
- 763 BC Assyrian eclipse
- c. 753 BC Founding of Rome
- c. 750 BC Homer's epics
- c. 727 BC Kushite conquest of Egypt
7th century BC
- c. 660 BC Legendary accession of Emperor Jimmu
- c. 650 BC Library of Ashurbanipal
- 612 BC Fall of Nineveh
6th century BC
- 594 BC Reforms of Solon
- 587 BC Destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar
- 585 BC Battle of the Eclipse
- c. 563 BC Birth of the Buddha
- 551 BC Birth of Confucius
- 550 BC Cyrus the Great founds the Achaemenid Empire
- c. 550 BC Gold and silver coins of Croesus
- 539 BC Fall of Babylon to Cyrus
- c. 530 BC Pythagoras founds his school at Croton
- c. 509 BC Founding of the Roman Republic
- 508 BC Cleisthenes' reforms and the birth of democracy
- c. 500 BC Voyage of Hanno the Navigator
- c. 500 BC Founding of Monte Albán
- c. 500 BC Ancestral Polynesian homeland in Samoa and Tonga
5th century BC
- 499 BC–493 BC Ionian Revolt
- 490 BC Battle of Marathon
- c. 483 BC Death of the Buddha
- 480 BC Battle of Thermopylae
- 480 BC Battle of Salamis
- 479 BC Death of Confucius
- 464 BC Sparta earthquake
- 447 BC–432 BC Construction of the Parthenon
- 431 BC–404 BC Peloponnesian War
- 430 BC–426 BC Plague of Athens
4th century BC
- 399 BC Trial of Socrates
- 331 BC Battle of Gaugamela
- 331 BC Founding of Alexandria
- 323 BC Death of Alexander the Great
- c. 322 BC Founding of the Maurya Empire
- c. 300 BC Maya script
3rd century BC
- c. 285 BC Library of Alexandria
- c. 270 BC Meroë becomes the heart of Kush
- c. 261 BC Kalinga War
- 260 BC Battle of Changping
- c. 240 BC Eratosthenes measures the Earth
- 240 BC Earliest sure record of Halley's Comet
- 221 BC Qin Shi Huang unifies China
- 218 BC Hannibal crosses the Alps
- 216 BC Battle of Cannae
- c. 214 BC Great Wall of China
- 210 BC Terracotta Army
- 202 BC Founding of the Han dynasty
- 202 BC Battle of Zama
- 200 BC Battle of Baideng
2nd century BC
- 149 BC–146 BC Third Punic War
- c. 138 BC–126 BC Zhang Qian's mission to the West
- c. 100 BC Nazca Lines
1st century BC
- c. 91 BC Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian
- 73 BC–71 BC Spartacus' revolt
- 58 BC–50 BC Caesar's conquest of Gaul
- 53 BC Battle of Carrhae
- 44 BC Assassination of Julius Caesar
- 36 BC Earliest Long Count date
- 31 BC Battle of Actium
- 30 BC Death of Cleopatra
- 27 BC Octavian becomes Augustus
- c. 4 BC Nativity of Jesus
Prehistory
- c. 300,000 BC The earliest Homo sapiens
- c. 71,000 BC The Blombos Cave patterns
- c. 60,000 BC Out of Africa
- c. 48,000 BC People sail to Australia
- c. 40,000 BC The Mungo burial
- c. 38,000 BC The Neanderthals vanish
- c. 34,000 BC The paintings of Chauvet Cave
- c. 32,000 BC The Sungir burials
- c. 24,500 BC–17,000 BC The Last Glacial Maximum
- c. 14,000 BC People reach the Americas
- c. 9500 BC Göbekli Tepe
- c. 9500 BC The Shigir Idol
- c. 9000 BC The dawn of farming
- c. 7400 BC–6000 BC Çatalhöyük
- c. 7000 BC Domestication of maize
- c. 6200 BC The sea swallows Doggerland
- c. 5050 BC Chinchorro mummies
- c. 5000 BC The gardens of Kuk Swamp
- c. 4500 BC The gold of Varna
1st century
2nd century
- 105 Cai Lun and the invention of paper
- c. 127 Accession of Kanishka
- c. 150 Funan and the port of Óc Eo
- 165–180 Antonine Plague
- c. 192 Rise of Champa
- c. 200 Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan
3rd century
- 220 Fall of the Han and the Three Kingdoms
- 224 Rise of the Sasanian Empire
- c. 232 Hatepe eruption of Taupō
- 239 Queen Himiko's embassy to China
- 249–262 Plague of Cyprian
- c. 250 Rise of the Classic Maya cities
- 260 Battle of Edessa: a Roman emperor taken captive
- 272 Fall of Zenobia's Palmyrene Empire
- c. 280 Xitle eruption buries Cuicuilco
4th century
- c. 301 Armenia adopts Christianity
- 313 Edict of Milan
- c. 320 Founding of the Gupta Empire
- 325 First Council of Nicaea
- 330 Founding of Constantinople
- c. 330 Aksum adopts Christianity
- c. 337 Georgia adopts Christianity
- 365 Crete earthquake and tsunami
- 378 Teotihuacan intervention at Tikal
- 395 Division of the Roman Empire
- 399–412 Faxian's pilgrimage to India
5th century
- c. 405 Mesrop Mashtots creates the Armenian alphabet
- 410 Sack of Rome by the Visigoths
- 414 The Gwanggaeto Stele
- c. 427 Founding of Nalanda
- c. 431 Ilopango eruption
- 439 Vandals capture Carthage
- 451 Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
- c. 460 The paintings of the Ajanta Caves
- 476 Fall of the Western Roman Empire
- c. 477 The rock palace of Sigiriya
- c. 496 Baptism of Clovis
- 499 Aryabhatiya
- c. 500 Rise of Tiwanaku
- c. 500 Completion of the Babylonian Talmud
6th century
- 526 Antioch earthquake
- 529–534 Code of Justinian
- 536 Volcanic winter of 536
- 537 Hagia Sophia consecrated
- 541–549 Plague of Justinian
- 589 Sui dynasty reunifies China
- c. 600 Wari Empire
7th century
- 605–610 Grand Canal of China
- 615 Pakal the Great becomes ruler of Palenque
- 618 Founding of the Tang dynasty
- 622 Hijra: Muhammad's migration to Medina
- 628 Brahmagupta and the rules of zero
- 629–645 Xuanzang's journey to the West
- 636 Battle of the Yarmuk
- 638–639 Plague of Amwas
- 641 Arab conquest of Egypt
- 652 The Baqt treaty with Nubia
- 670 Founding of Kairouan
- c. 671 Rise of Srivijaya
- 676 Silla unifies Korea
- 680 Battle of Karbala
- 698 Fall of Carthage and the Arab conquest of the Maghreb
- c. 700 The rise of the Kanem Empire
8th century
- 711–718 Umayyad conquest of Hispania
- c. 726 Byzantine Iconoclasm begins
- 732 Battle of Tours
- 751 Battle of Talas
- 752 The Great Buddha of Tōdai-ji
- 762 Founding of Baghdad
- 793 Viking raid on Lindisfarne
- 794 Founding of Heian-kyō
- 800 Coronation of Charlemagne
- c. 800–950 Drought and the Classic Maya collapse
- c. 800 Construction of Borobudur
9th century
- 802 Founding of the Khmer Empire
- c. 820 Al-Khwarizmi's treatise on algebra
- 843 Treaty of Verdun
- c. 850 Chan Chan, capital of Chimor
- c. 850 Pueblo Bonito at Chaco Canyon
- c. 852 Mount Churchill eruption
- 859 Fatima al-Fihri founds al-Qarawiyyin
- 860 The Rus' first raid Constantinople
- c. 862 Calling of the Varangians
- 863 Mission of Cyril and Methodius
- 868 The Diamond Sutra is printed
- 869 Jōgan earthquake and tsunami
- 882 Oleg takes Kiev
- c. 895 Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
- c. 900 The bronzes of Igbo-Ukwu
- c. 900 Rise of Chichen Itza
10th century
- 911 Oleg's treaty with Byzantium
- 922 Volga Bulgaria adopts Islam
- c. 939 Eldgjá eruption
- 946 Millennium Eruption of Mount Paektu
- c. 950–1250 Medieval Warm Period
- c. 950 Rise of Tollan, capital of the Toltecs
- c. 950 The Tuʻi Tonga maritime empire
- c. 957 The baptism of Princess Olga
- 960 Founding of the Song dynasty
- 962 Coronation of Otto I
- 965 Sviatoslav destroys the Khazar Khaganate
- 966 Baptism of Poland
- 969 Founding of Cairo
- 972 Al-Azhar Mosque opens
- 987 Hugh Capet becomes King of France
- 988 Christianization of Kievan Rus'
- c. 1000 Extinction of the elephant birds
- c. 1000 Stephen I, first king of Hungary
- c. 1000 Polynesians settle Hawaii
11th century
- 1006 Supernova SN 1006
- c. 1010 The Tale of Genji
- 1014 Battle of Kleidion
- c. 1016 Russkaya Pravda of Yaroslav the Wise
- 1021 Norse in North America
- 1024 First government-issued paper money
- 1025 Avicenna's Canon of Medicine
- 1025 Chola invasion of Srivijaya
- c. 1037 Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev
- 1044 First gunpowder formulas in the Wujing Zongyao
- 1044 Anawrahta unites Burma
- c. 1050 Rise of Cahokia
- c. 1050 Birch bark letters
- 1054 East–West Schism
- 1054 Supernova SN 1054
- 1057 The Ostromir Gospels
- 1066 Battle of Hastings
- 1066 Halley's Comet over England
- 1068 Al-Bakri describes the Ghana Empire
- c. 1070 The Almoravids found Marrakesh
- 1071 Battle of Manzikert
- c. 1075–1220 The Kingdom of Mapungubwe
- 1077 Walk to Canossa
- c. 1088 University of Bologna
- c. 1096 Teaching begins at Oxford
- 1097 Council of Liubech
- 1099 Crusaders capture Jerusalem
12th century
- c. 1113–1150 Construction of Angkor Wat
- 1113 Vladimir Monomakh in Kiev
- c. 1113 The Primary Chronicle
- 1136 The Novgorod Republic
- 1147 First mention of Moscow
- 1163–1345 Notre-Dame de Paris begun
- c. 1165 Church of the Intercession on the Nerl
- 1169 Andrey Bogolyubsky's army sacks Kiev
- c. 1180 Nan Madol, the stone city on water
- 1184 Reign of Queen Tamar
- 1185 Prince Igor's campaign
- 1187 Battle of Hattin
- 1192–1333 First shogunate in Japan
- c. 1200 Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela
- c. 1200 Settlement of Easter Island
- c. 1200 Thule migration across the Arctic
13th century
- 1202 Fibonacci's Liber Abaci
- 1204 Sack of Constantinople
- 1206 Temüjin proclaimed Genghis Khan
- 1206 Founding of the Delhi Sultanate
- 1215 Magna Carta
- 1223 Battle of the Kalka River
- c. 1235 Battle of Kirina and rise of Mali
- 1237–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus'
- c. 1238 Alhambra begun
- 1240 Batu Khan takes Kiev
- 1240 Battle of the Neva
- c. 1242 The Golden Horde is founded
- 1242 Battle on the Ice
- c. 1250 The moai of Easter Island
- c. 1250 Rise of Great Zimbabwe
- c. 1251 The Tripitaka Koreana
- 1253 Mindaugas crowned King of Lithuania
- 1257 Samalas eruption
- 1258 Mongol sack of Baghdad
- 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut
- 1261 Byzantium retakes Constantinople
- 1270 Yekuno Amlak founds the Solomonic dynasty
- 1271 Kublai Khan founds the Yuan dynasty
- 1271–1295 Travels of Marco Polo
- 1276–1299 Great Drought and the Pueblo exodus
- c. 1280 Polynesians settle New Zealand
- 1281 Kamikaze, the divine wind
- 1288 Battle of Bạch Đằng
- 1293 Founding of Majapahit
- c. 1299 Osman I founds the Ottoman state
- c. 1300 Onset of the Little Ice Age
- c. 1300 Golden age of Kilwa and the Swahili coast
14th century
- 1309–1377 Avignon Papacy
- 1315–1317 Great Famine
- 1324 Hajj of Mansa Musa
- c. 1325 Founding of Tenochtitlan
- 1325–1354 Travels of Ibn Battuta
- 1325 Ivan Kalita becomes Prince of Moscow
- c. 1327 The Djinguereber Mosque in Timbuktu
- 1336 Founding of the Vijayanagara Empire
- 1337–1453 Hundred Years' War
- c. 1337 Sergius of Radonezh founds his monastery
- 1347–1351 Black Death
- 1362 Grote Mandrenke
- c. 1362 Battle of Blue Waters
- 1368 Founding of the Ming dynasty
- 1370 Timur makes Samarkand his capital
- 1377 Jikji, printed with movable metal type
- 1380 Battle of Kulikovo
- 1382 Tokhtamysh burns Moscow
- 1385 Union of Krewo
- c. 1390 Rise of the Kingdom of Kongo
- 1392 Founding of Joseon
- 1395 Timur crushes Tokhtamysh on the Terek
- c. 1400 Founding of Malacca
15th century
- 1405–1433 Voyages of Zheng He
- 1410 Battle of Grunwald
- c. 1411 Andrei Rublev's Trinity
- 1428 Aztec Triple Alliance
- 1429 Joan of Arc relieves Orléans
- c. 1438 Pachacuti founds the Inca Empire
- c. 1440 Oba Ewuare and the rise of Benin
- c. 1445 Extinction of the moa
- c. 1445 Extinction of Haast's eagle
- 1446 King Sejong promulgates Hangul
- c. 1450 Gutenberg's printing press
- c. 1450 Building of Machu Picchu
- c. 1450 Founding of the Iroquois Confederacy
- 1453 Fall of Constantinople
- 1468 Sonni Ali takes Timbuktu
- 1478 Annexation of Novgorod by Moscow
- 1480 Great Stand on the Ugra River
- 1485–1495 Building the brick walls of the Moscow Kremlin
- 1488 Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope
- 1492 Columbus reaches the Americas
- 1492 Fall of Granada
- 1492 Ensisheim meteorite
- 1493 Askia Muhammad seizes power in Songhai
- 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
- 1497 Ivan III's law code
- 1498 Vasco da Gama reaches India
- 1500 Cabral reaches Brazil
16th century
- 1501 Founding of Safavid Iran
- 1508–1512 Sistine Chapel ceiling
- c. 1509 Afonso I becomes King of Kongo
- 1511 Portuguese capture of Malacca
- 1514 Battle of Chaldiran
- 1517 Luther's Ninety-five Theses
- 1517 Battle of Ridaniya and conquest of Egypt
- 1519–1522 Magellan's circumnavigation
- 1520–1566 Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
- 1521 Fall of Tenochtitlan
- 1526 First Battle of Panipat
- 1526 Battle of Mohács
- 1529–1543 Ahmad Gragn invades Ethiopia
- 1531 Apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe
- 1532 Capture of Atahualpa at Cajamarca
- 1534 Henry VIII breaks with Rome
- 1542 Orellana sails down the Amazon
- 1543 Copernicus publishes heliocentrism
- 1545–1548 Cocoliztli epidemic
- 1545 Silver discovered at Potosí
- 1547 Ivan IV crowned Tsar
- 1550–1557 Süleymaniye Mosque
- 1552 Siege of Kazan
- 1555–1561 Saint Basil's Cathedral
- 1556 Shaanxi earthquake
- 1556 Akbar and the Second Battle of Panipat
- 1564 Ivan Fyodorov's Apostol
- 1565–1572 Oprichnina
- 1565 Battle of Talikota
- 1569 Union of Lublin
- 1571 Battle of Lepanto
- 1571 Spanish Manila and the Manila galleons
- 1572 St Bartholomew's Day Massacre
- 1572 Tycho's supernova
- 1578 Battle of Alcácer Quibir
- 1582 Gregorian calendar
- 1582 Yermak's conquest of Sibir
- 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada
- 1589 Establishment of the Moscow Patriarchate
- 1591 Battle of Tondibi and fall of Songhai
- 1592–1598 Imjin War
- 1598–1613 Time of Troubles
- 1598 Edict of Nantes
- c. 1598 Abbas I rebuilds Isfahan
- 1600 Battle of Sekigahara
- 1600 Eruption of Huaynaputina
- 1600 East India Company founded
17th century
- 1604 Kepler's supernova
- c. 1605–1694 Quilombo of Palmares
- 1605 Cervantes's Don Quixote
- 1606 Janszoon lands in Australia
- 1607 Founding of Jamestown
- 1608 Champlain founds Quebec
- 1609 Jesuit reductions among the Guaraní
- 1610 Galileo's telescopic discoveries
- 1612 Minin and Pozharsky liberate Moscow
- 1613 Election of Michael Romanov as Tsar
- 1618–1648 Thirty Years' War
- 1619 Founding of Batavia
- 1620 The Mayflower and Plymouth Colony
- 1624–1663 Nzinga becomes Queen of Ndongo
- 1627 Death of the last aurochs
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal
- c. 1636 Gondar becomes Ethiopia's capital
- 1637 Dutch capture of Elmina
- 1639 Treaty of Zuhab
- 1641 Japan's seclusion: Dejima
- 1642 Tasman reaches New Zealand
- 1642–1651 English Civil War
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing
- 1648 Peace of Westphalia
- 1648 Semyon Dezhnev's voyage
- 1649 Execution of Charles I of England
- 1652 Founding of the Cape Colony
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo
- 1666–1667 Schism of the Russian Church
- 1670–1671 Stenka Razin's uprising
- 1674 Coronation of Shivaji
- 1676 Leeuwenhoek sees microbes
- 1682 Accession of Peter the Great
- 1683 Battle of Vienna
- 1687 Newton's Principia
- 1688–1689 Glorious Revolution
- 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk
- c. 1693 Brazilian Gold Rush
- 1697 Fall of Nojpetén, the last Maya kingdom
- 1699 Guru Gobind Singh founds the Khalsa
18th century
- c. 1701 Rise of the Ashanti Empire
- 1703 Founding of Saint Petersburg
- 1709 Battle of Poltava
- 1709 Great Frost of 1709
- 1721 Proclamation of the Russian Empire
- 1724 Founding of the Academy of Sciences
- 1727 Dahomey conquers Ouidah
- 1729 Müteferrika's first Ottoman Turkish printing press
- 1733–1743 Great Northern Expedition
- 1739 Nader Shah sacks Delhi
- c. 1744 Saudi–Wahhabi pact at Diriyah
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state
- 1751–1772 Diderot's Encyclopédie
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake
- 1755 Founding of Moscow University
- 1756–1763 Seven Years' War
- 1757 Battle of Plassey
- 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution
- 1762 Accession of Catherine the Great
- 1764 Founding of the Hermitage
- 1767 Fall of Ayutthaya
- 1768–1771 Cook's first voyage
- c. 1768 Extinction of Steller's sea cow
- 1769 Watt's steam engine
- 1769 Tupaia, the navigator of Raiatea
- 1772–1795 Partitions of Poland
- 1773–1775 Pugachev's Rebellion
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence
- 1780–1781 Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II
- 1782 Bangkok becomes Siam's capital
- 1783–1784 Laki eruption
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783)
- 1783 First manned balloon flight
- 1787 US Constitution
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille
- 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution
- 1791 Constitution of 3 May 1791
- 1792 Founding of Freetown
- 1793 Macartney Embassy
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination
- 1798 Battle of the Pyramids
19th century
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase
- 1804 Coronation of Napoleon
- 1804–1813 First Serbian Uprising
- 1804–1903 Usman dan Fodio's jihad and the Sokoto Caliphate
- 1804 Independence of Haiti
- 1805–1848 Muhammad Ali becomes ruler of Egypt
- 1805 Battle of Trafalgar
- 1807–1837 The Musket Wars
- 1810–1826 Spanish American wars of independence
- 1810 Kamehameha I unites Hawaii
- 1812 Napoleon's invasion of Russia
- 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna
- 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora
- 1815 Battle of Waterloo
- 1816 Year Without a Summer
- 1816 Shaka builds the Zulu Kingdom
- 1817–1824 First cholera pandemic
- 1817 San Martín's Crossing of the Andes
- 1819 Raffles founds modern Singapore
- 1820 Sighting of Antarctica
- 1822 Independence of Brazil
- 1825 First public steam railway
- 1825 Decembrist revolt
- 1825–1830 Java War
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay
- 1828–1861 Ranavalona I, Queen of Madagascar
- c. 1831 Hokusai's Great Wave off Kanagawa
- 1833 Abolition of slavery in the British Empire
- c. 1835–1846 The Great Trek
- 1835 Darwin in the Galápagos
- 1838–1839 Trail of Tears
- 1839–1842 First Opium War
- 1839 Birth of photography: the daguerreotype
- 1839 The Edict of Gülhane opens the Tanzimat
- 1839–1842 First Anglo-Afghan War
- 1840 Treaty of Waitangi
- 1844 Morse telegraph line
- 1844 Last great auks killed
- 1844 The Báb's declaration and the birth of Bábism
- 1845–1852 Great Famine in Ireland
- 1846 First public demonstration of ether anaesthesia
- 1846–1848 Mexican–American War
- 1847 Liberia declares independence
- 1848–1849 Revolutions of 1848
- 1848 The Communist Manifesto
- 1848 California Gold Rush
- 1850–1864 Taiping Rebellion
- 1851 The Australian gold rushes
- 1853–1854 Commodore Perry's Black Ships
- 1853–1856 Crimean War
- 1854 The Eureka Rebellion
- 1855 Livingstone reaches Victoria Falls
- 1857–1858 Indian Rebellion of 1857
- 1859 Darwin's On the Origin of Species
- 1861 Unification of Italy
- 1861 Emancipation of the serfs in Russia
- 1861–1865 American Civil War
- 1863 Emancipation Proclamation
- 1863–1904 Blackbirding in the Pacific
- 1864–1870 Paraguayan War
- 1867 Alaska Purchase
- 1867 Canadian Confederation
- 1868 Meiji Restoration
- 1869 Opening of the Suez Canal
- 1869 Tolstoy's War and Peace
- 1869 First transcontinental railroad
- 1869 Mendeleev's periodic table
- 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War
- 1871 Unification of Germany
- 1871 Paris Commune
- 1874 First Impressionist exhibition
- 1876 Invention of the telephone
- 1876–1878 Great Famine in India
- 1876–1878 The first Ottoman constitution
- 1876 Yablochkov candle
- 1877 Premiere of Swan Lake
- 1878 Congress of Berlin
- 1879 Edison's incandescent lamp
- 1879 Battle of Isandlwana
- 1879–1884 War of the Pacific
- 1881 Assassination of Alexander II
- 1882 Sagrada Família begun
- 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa
- 1883 Death of the last quagga
- 1884–1885 Berlin Conference
- 1885 Founding of the Indian National Congress
- 1885 The Mahdists take Khartoum
- 1885–1908 The Congo Free State
- 1886 Benz's first automobile
- 1886 The Witwatersrand Gold Rush
- c. 1887–1897 African rinderpest epizootic
- 1888 Golden Law abolishes slavery in Brazil
- 1889 Eiffel Tower
- 1889 Van Gogh's The Starry Night
- 1891 Discovery of Java Man
- 1891–1916 Building the Trans-Siberian Railway
- 1893 New Zealand women win the vote
- 1893 Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
- 1894–1895 First Sino-Japanese War
- 1894 Yersin identifies the plague bacterium
- 1895 Discovery of X-rays
- 1895 Popov's radio receiver
- 1895 First Lumière film screening
- 1896–1898 Philippine Revolution
- 1896 Battle of Adwa
- 1896 First modern Olympic Games
- 1897 The British sack Benin City
- 1898 Spanish–American War
- 1899–1901 Boxer Rebellion
20th century
- 1901 First Nobel Prizes
- 1901 Federation of Australia
- 1902 Eruption of Mount Pelée
- 1903 Wright brothers' first flight
- 1904–1908 The Herero and Nama genocide
- 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War
- 1905 Einstein's miracle year and relativity
- 1905–1907 Russian Revolution of 1905
- 1905–1911 Persian Constitutional Revolution
- 1906 San Francisco earthquake
- 1908 Oil struck at Masjed Soleyman
- 1908 Tunguska event
- 1908 Young Turk Revolution
- 1908 Messina earthquake
- 1910–1920 Mexican Revolution
- 1910 Earth passes through Halley's Comet's tail
- 1911–1912 Xinhai Revolution
- 1911 Amundsen reaches the South Pole
- 1912–1913 Balkan Wars
- 1912 The death of Scott's polar party
- 1912 Sinking of the Titanic
- 1913 Ford's moving assembly line
- 1913 First Indian feature film
- 1913 Tagore wins the Nobel Prize for Gitanjali
- 1914–1918 World War I
- 1914 Opening of the Panama Canal
- 1914 Death of Martha, the last passenger pigeon
- 1915 Armenian genocide
- 1915–1916 Gallipoli campaign
- 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement
- 1916–1918 The Arab Revolt
- 1917 October Revolution
- 1917–1922 Russian Civil War
- 1917 February Revolution
- 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic
- 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
- 1918 Death of the last Carolina parakeet
- 1919 Treaty of Versailles
- 1920 League of Nations founded
- 1922 Formation of the USSR
- 1922 March on Rome: Mussolini takes power
- 1922 Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb
- 1922 Modern Art Week
- 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
- 1923 Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey
- 1925 Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin
- 1926 First public demonstration of television
- 1927 The Jazz Singer and the talkies
- 1928 Discovery of penicillin
- 1928–1932 First Five-Year Plan: Soviet industrialisation
- 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression
- 1929–1933 Collectivization in the Soviet Union
- c. 1930–1936 Dust Bowl
- 1930 Gandhi's Salt March
- 1931 China floods
- 1932–1933 Soviet famine of 1930–1933
- 1932 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia proclaimed
- 1933 Hitler comes to power
- 1934–1935 Long March
- 1935–1937 Italy invades Ethiopia
- 1936–1938 Great Purge
- 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War
- 1936 Death of the last thylacine
- 1936 Turing's universal machine
- 1937–1945 Second Sino-Japanese War
- 1937 Picasso's Guernica
- 1938 Discovery of nuclear fission
- 1938 Munich Agreement
- 1939–1945 World War II
- 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
- 1939 Erzincan earthquake
- 1941–1944 Siege of Leningrad
- 1941–1945 The Holocaust
- 1941 German invasion of the USSR
- 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor
- 1941–1942 Battle of Moscow
- 1942–1943 Battle of Stalingrad
- 1942 The Battle of Midway
- 1942 Second Battle of El Alamein
- 1942–1943 The Guadalcanal campaign
- 1943 Battle of Kursk
- 1944 D-Day: Normandy landings
- 1944 Warsaw Uprising
- 1945 Atomic bombing of Hiroshima
- 1945 German surrender and Victory Day
- 1945 Founding of the United Nations
- 1945 ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer
- 1945 Indonesia proclaims independence
- 1945 Yalta Conference
- 1945–1946 Nuremberg trials
- 1947–1991 Cold War
- 1947 Independence and Partition of India
- 1947 Invention of the transistor
- 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- 1948 Founding of the State of Israel
- 1948–1952 Marshall Plan
- 1949 Founding of NATO
- 1949 Founding of the People's Republic of China
- 1949 First Soviet atomic bomb test
- 1950–1953 Korean War
- 1952 Great Smog of London
- 1952 European bison return to the wild
- 1953 Discovery of the DNA double helix
- 1953 First ascent of Everest
- 1953 Death of Stalin
- 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu
- 1954 The Castle Bravo test at Bikini
- 1954–1962 Algerian War of Independence
- 1954 Obninsk, the first grid-connected nuclear power plant
- 1955–1975 Vietnam War
- 1955 Salk polio vaccine declared safe
- 1955 Bandung Conference
- 1955 Warsaw Pact
- 1956 Secret Speech and the Khrushchev thaw
- 1956 Hungarian Revolution of 1956
- 1956 The Suez Crisis
- 1956 Dartmouth workshop: AI is born
- 1957 Sputnik 1, the first satellite
- 1957 Treaty of Rome
- 1957 Independence of Ghana
- 1958 Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart
- 1958–1962 Great Leap Forward
- 1958 Birth of bossa nova
- 1959 Cuban Revolution
- 1959 The Antarctic Treaty
- 1960 Year of Africa
- 1960 Great Chilean earthquake
- 1960 Inauguration of Brasília
- 1961 Gagarin's flight
- 1961 Berlin Wall built
- 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
- 1963 The Organisation of African Unity is founded
- 1963 March on Washington
- 1963 Valentina Tereshkova's spaceflight
- 1963 The Beatles' first album
- 1964 First Shinkansen high-speed railway
- 1964 Tokyo Olympics
- 1967 First human heart transplant
- 1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War and Biafra
- 1967 Six-Day War
- 1967 García Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude
- 1968 Prague Spring
- 1968 May 1968 in France
- 1968 Tlatelolco massacre
- 1969 Moon landing
- c. 1970 Mass deforestation of the Amazon begins
- 1970 Bhola cyclone
- 1970 Pelé's third World Cup
- 1971–1971 Bangladesh Liberation War
- 1971 First commercial microprocessor
- 1972 Tu Youyou discovers artemisinin
- 1973 Chilean coup d'état
- 1973 1973 oil crisis
- 1973 Sydney Opera House opens
- 1974 Lucy is discovered
- 1975–1979 The Khmer Rouge and the Cambodian genocide
- 1976 Tangshan earthquake
- c. 1976 Last traces of the Javan tiger
- 1976 Hōkūleʻa sails to Tahiti
- 1977 Star Wars is released
- 1977 Last execution by guillotine
- 1978 Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening-up
- 1979 Iranian Revolution
- 1979–1989 Soviet–Afghan War
- 1980 Smallpox declared eradicated
- 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens
- 1980 Solidarity
- 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War
- 1983 Birth of the Internet: ARPANET adopts TCP/IP
- 1983–1985 The Ethiopian famine
- 1984 Bhopal disaster
- 1984 Creation of Tetris
- 1985–1991 Perestroika
- 1985 Discovery of the ozone hole
- 1985 The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior
- 1986 Chernobyl disaster
- 1989 Invention of the World Wide Web
- 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall
- 1989 Revolutions of 1989
- 1989 Tiananmen Square protests
- 1989 Last sighting of the golden toad
- 1989 Baltic Way
- 1990 Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope
- 1990–1991 Gulf War
- 1990 German reunification
- 1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union
- 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo
- 1991–2001 Yugoslav Wars
- 1991 1991 Soviet coup attempt
- 1992 Maastricht Treaty
- 1992 The Mabo decision
- 1992 Living in Bondage and the birth of Nollywood
- 1993 Adoption of the Constitution of Russia
- 1994 End of apartheid in South Africa
- 1994 Rwandan genocide
- 1996 Dolly the sheep cloned
- 1997 Deep Blue defeats Kasparov
- 1998 Launch of the International Space Station
- 2000 Death of the last Pyrenean ibex
- 2000 Vladimir Putin elected President
21st century
- 2001 September 11 attacks
- 2002 Euro notes and coins
- 2003 Human genome sequenced
- 2003–2011 Iraq War
- 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
- 2006 Baiji declared functionally extinct
- 2007 Apple unveils the iPhone
- 2008 Global financial crisis
- 2010–2012 Arab Spring
- 2010 Burj Khalifa opens
- 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
- 2012 Discovery of the Higgs boson
- 2012 Death of Lonesome George
- 2012 AlexNet sparks the deep-learning revolution
States (818)
- Abbasid Caliphate
- Abbasid Caliphate/Buyid Dynasty
- Achaemenid Empire
- Adal Sultanate
- Afghanistan
- Afsharid Iran
- Aghlabid Dynasty
- Ahmadnagar Sultanate
- Akkadian Empire
- Alans
- Almohad Caliphate
- Almoravid Dynasty
- Angevin Empire
- Anglo-Saxon England
- Ankhwennefer
- Anti-Kuomintang Coalition
- Anurādhapura
- Aq Qoyunlu
- Aquitaine
- Arab Federation
- Arab Republic of Egypt
- Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
- Argentine Confederation
- Argentine Republic
- Ashanti Empire
- Ashikaga Shogunate
- Assyria
- Assyrian Egypt
- Astrakhan Khanate
- Asuka Japan
- Austria-Hungary
- Austrian Empire
- Ava Kingdom
- Avar Khaganate
- Ayutthaya Kingdom
- Ayyubid Sultanate
- Aztec Triple Alliance
- Ba'athist Syria
- Babylonia
- Bahmani Sultanate
- Balhae
- Batavian Republic
- Batavian Republic
- Belgian Congo
- Bijapur Sultanate
- Blue Horde
- Bolivia
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- Bourbon Kingdom of France
- Bourbon Kingdom of France
- Brazilian Republic
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- British Empire
- British Empire
- British Gold Coast
- British Raj
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- Brythons
- Burgundian Kingdom
- Burkina Faso
- Burma
- Buyid Dynasty
- Byzantine Empire
- Caliphate of Córdoba
- Canada
- Cao Cao
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- Carolingian Empire
- Carthage
- Caucasian Iberia
- Central African Republic
- Centralist Mexico
- Chagatai Khanate
- Chalukya Dynasty
- Chauhan Dynasty
- Chaulukya Dynasty
- Chen Dynasty
- Cheng Han
- Chenla
- Chenla
- Chobanids
- Chola Empire
- Chu
- Commonwealth of Australia
- Commonwealth of England
- Commonwealth of Nations
- Communist Cuba
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- Communist Party of China
- Comtat Venaissin
- Confederate States of America
- Confederation of the Rhine
- County of Flanders
- County of Ribagorza
- Crimean Khanate
- Crown of Aragon
- Crown of Castile
- Cundinamarca
- Czechoslovakia
- Đại Việt
- Delhi Sultanate
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Democratic Republic of Vietnam
- Denmark
- Denmark-England
- Denmark-Norway
- Duchies of Poland
- Duchy of Masovia
- Duchy of Normandy
- Durrani Dynasty
- Durrani Empire
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch East Indies
- Dutch Republic
- Dutch Republic
- Dzungar Khanate
- Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
- East Franks
- East Turkestan
- East Turkestan Republic
- Eastern Chagatai Khanate
- Eastern Ganga Kingdom
- Eastern Göktürks
- Eastern Kara-Khanids
- Eastern Kushans
- Eastern Moghulistan
- Eastern Roman Empire
- Eastern Wei
- Eastern Wu
- Eighteen Kingdoms
- Elam
- Electorate of Saxony
- Electorate of Trier
- Emirate of Afghanistan
- Emirate of Bukhara
- Emirate of Córdoba
- Emirate of Diriyah
- Emirate of Jabal Shammar
- Emirate of Nejd
- Empire of Brazil
- Empire of China
- Empire of Japan
- Empire of Kanem
- English Colonial Empire
- Estado Novo
- Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Empire
- Fatimid Caliphate
- Federal League
- Federal Republic of Germany
- Federal Republic of Nigeria
- Federal Republic of Somalia
- Federated Republic of Brazil
- Federated Republic of Germany
- Federated Republic of Mexico
- Fihrids
- First Bulgarian Empire
- First French Empire
- First French Empire
- First Hellenic Republic
- First Mexican Empire
- First Spanish Republic
- First Toungoo Empire
- Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- Former Liang
- Former Qin
- Former Shu
- Former Yan
- Former Zhao
- Four Oirats
- Francoist Spain
- Free City of Danzig
- Free French
- Freetown Colony
- French Africa
- French Algeria
- French Consulate
- French Consulate
- French Directory
- French Directory
- French Fifth Republic
- French First Republic
- French First Republic
- French Fourth Republic
- French Fourth Republic
- French Indochina
- French Louisiana
- French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
- French Second Republic
- French Second Republic
- French Third Republic
- French Third Republic
- Funan
- Funj Sultanate
- Gabon
- Gahadavala Dynasty
- Gallic Empire
- Ganzhou Kingdom
- German Africa
- German Confederation
- German Democratic Republic
- German Empire
- Germiyanids
- Ghana
- Ghana Empire
- Ghassanids
- Ghaznavid Empire
- Ghurid Dynasty
- Goguryeo
- Göktürk Khaganate
- Golconda Sultanate
- Golden Horde
- Goryeo
- Gothia
- Gran Colombia
- Granadine Confederation
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania
- Grand Principality of Moscow
- Great Jin
- Great Mongol State
- Great Moravia
- Great Seljuk Empire
- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
- Greek City-States
- Greenland
- Guinea
- Gupta Empire
- Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty
- Gutian Dynasty
- Guyana
- Habsburg Monarchy
- Habsburg Monarchy
- Hafsid Dynasty
- Halych-Volhynia occupation
- Hamdanid Emirates
- Hammadid Dynasty
- Han
- Han Dynasty
- Harsha's Empire
- Hashemite Arab Federation
- Haudenosaunee
- Heian Japan
- Himyarite Kingdom
- Hittites
- Holy Roman Empire
- Holy Roman Empire
- Holy Roman Empire Minor States
- Hotaki Dynasty
- House of Habsburg
- House of Jagiellon
- House of Oldenburg
- Hoysala Kingdom
- Hungarian Nationalists
- Hungarian People's Republic
- Hungarian Republic
- Hungary
- Hunnic Empire
- Huns
- Hussain Shahi Dynasty
- Hyderabad State
- Hyksos
- Iberian Union
- Icelandic Commonwealth
- Idrisids
- Ilkhanate
- Inca Empire
- Indo-Greeks
- Indo-Parthians
- Indo-Sasanian Empire
- Indo-Scythians
- Indus Valley Civilization
- Iraqi Republic
- Islamic Republic of Iran
- Islamic Republic of Pakistan
- Italian Africa
- Itza Mayans
- Jalayirid Sultanate
- Janapada of Malla
- Japan
- Jaunpur Sultanate
- Jesuit Reducciones
- Jin
- Joseon
- Judea
- Kadamba Empire
- Kakatiya Dynasty
- Kalinga
- Kalmar Union
- Kalmar Union
- Kalmyk Khanate
- Kamakura Shogunate
- Kamarupa Kingdom
- Kannauj-Varman Dynasty
- Kanva Dynasty
- Kara-Khanids
- Kara-Khitans
- Karkota Dynasty
- Kartids
- Kashmir
- Kashmir and Jammu
- Kashmiri Sultanate
- Kazakh Khanate
- Kazakhstan
- Kenmu Restoration
- Khalji Dynasty
- Khanate of Bukhara
- Khanate of Kazan
- Khanate of Khiva
- Khanate of Kokand
- Khanate of Sibir
- Khanates of the Caucasus
- Kharijites
- Khazaria
- Khedivate of Egypt
- Khmer Empire
- Khmer Rouge
- Khoshut Khanate
- Khwarezmid Dynasty
- Khwarezmid Empire
- Kidarites
- Kievan Rus'
- Kimek-Kipchak confederation
- Kingdom of Afghanistan
- Kingdom of Armenia
- Kingdom of Axum
- Kingdom of Belgium
- Kingdom of Bohemia
- Kingdom of Bohemia
- Kingdom of Cambodia
- Kingdom of Castile
- Kingdom of Dali
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Kingdom of Egypt
- Kingdom of England
- Kingdom of England
- Kingdom of France
- Kingdom of France
- Kingdom of Georgia
- Kingdom of Germany
- Kingdom of Great Britain
- Kingdom of Hawaï'i
- Kingdom of Hejaz
- Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
- Kingdom of Hungary
- Kingdom of Iraq
- Kingdom of Israel
- Kingdom of Italy
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Kingdom of Khotan
- Kingdom of Kongo
- Kingdom of Kush
- Kingdom of Laos
- Kingdom of León
- Kingdom of Libya
- Kingdom of Lower Burgundy
- Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
- Kingdom of Lunda
- Kingdom of Lysimachus
- Kingdom of Northumbria
- Kingdom of Norway
- Kingdom of Numidia
- Kingdom of Osroene
- Kingdom of Pergamon
- Kingdom of Pinya
- Kingdom of Poland
- Kingdom of Poland
- Kingdom of Pontus
- Kingdom of Portugal
- Kingdom of Prussia
- Kingdom of Romania
- Kingdom of Sardinia
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Kingdom of Sicily
- Kingdom of Soissons
- Kingdom of Spain
- Kingdom of Sweden
- Kingdom of Thailand
- Kingdom of the Franks
- Kingdom of the Franks
- Kingdom of the Gepids
- Kingdom of the Suebi
- Kingdom of Urartu
- Konbaung Dynasty
- Korean Empire
- Kuomintang
- Kushan Empire
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lakhmid Kingdom
- Lan Xang
- Land Chenla
- Late Pallava Empire
- Later Han
- Later Jin
- Later Jin Dynasty
- Later Liang
- Later Liang Dynasty
- Later Mayan City-States
- Later Qin
- Later Shu
- Later Tang
- Later Yan
- Later Zhao
- Later Zhou
- Latin Empire
- Lê Dynasty
- Li Zicheng
- Liang Dynasty
- Liao Dynasty
- Libyan Arab Republic
- Linjiang
- Liu Song Dynasty
- Lodi Dynasty
- Lohara Dynasty
- Lombards
- Lower Burgundy
- Lu
- Lydia
- Macedonian Empire
- Macedonian Empire
- Madagascar
- Magadha - Haryanka dynasty
- Magadha - Shaishunaga dynasty
- Magyars
- Mahajanapadas
- Mahameghavahana Dynasty
- Mahdist State
- Maitraka Dynasty
- Majapahit
- Makuria
- Makuria Kingdom
- Malaysia
- Mali Empire
- Mali Federation
- Mamluk Dynasty
- Mamluk Sultanate
- Maratha Empire
- Marinid Sultanate
- Mataram Kingdom
- Maukhari Dynasty
- Mauretania
- Mauritania
- Maurya Empire
- Mayan City-States
- Maynila
- Median Kingdom
- Merina Kingdom
- Merovingian Empire
- Mexican Monarchists
- Mexicans
- Mexico
- Middle Franks
- Middle Kingdom of Egypt
- Minaeans
- Ming Dynasty
- Minyue
- Mitanni
- Moghulistan
- Mongol Empire
- Mongol Khanate
- Mongolia
- Mongolian People's Republic
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Mughal Empire
- Muhammad Ali dynasty
- Mujahideen
- Muzaffarids
- Mycenaean Greece
- Myinsaing Kingdom
- Nabhani Dynasty
- Najahid Dynasty
- Nalyvaiko Uprising
- Namibia
- Nanda Empire
- Nanyue
- Nanzhao
- Napoleonic Batavia Republic
- Nara Japan
- Nawabs of Bengal
- Nazi Germany
- Neo-Assyrian Empire
- Neo-Babylonian Empire
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- Netherlands
- New France
- New Granada
- New Kingdom of Egypt
- New Netherland
- New Zealand
- Ngô Dynasty
- Nguyễn dynasty
- Nicaean Empire
- Nogai Horde
- Norman England
- North German Confederation
- North Sea Empire
- North Yemen
- Northern Qi
- Northern Song
- Northern Wei
- Northern Yuan
- Northern Zhou
- Norway-Denmark
- Novgorod Republic
- Oghuz Turks
- Oirat Confederation
- Old Great Bulgaria
- Old Kingdom of Norway
- Omani Slave Coast
- Oriental Republic of Uruguay
- Ostrogothic Kingdom
- Ostrogoths
- Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Tripolitania
- Pagan Kingdom
- Pahlavi Dynasty
- Pala Empire
- Palmyrene Empire
- Pandya Empire
- Panthay Rebellion
- Papal States
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Paramara Dynasty
- Parthian Empire
- Peloponnesian League
- People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
- People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
- People's Republic of Angola
- People's Republic of China
- People's Republic of Kampuchea
- Perdiccas
- Peru-Bolivian Confederation
- Phoenicia
- Phrygia
- Polish-Lithuania Kingdom
- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Portuguese Empire
- Portuguese Empire
- Portuguese Republic
- Principality of Bulgaria
- Principality of Chernigov
- Principality of Galicia-Volhynia
- Principality of Hungary
- Principality of Kiev
- Principality of Moldavia
- Principality of Rostov-Suzdal
- Principality of Ryazan
- Principality of Smolensk
- Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal
- Pro-Swedish Poland
- Protectorate of the Western Regions
- Provisional Priamurye Government
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Puebloans - Aztec Regional System
- Puebloans - Chaco Regional System
- Qajar Dynasty
- Qara Qoyunlu
- Qarlugs
- Qasimids
- Qatar Protectorate
- Qin
- Qin Dynasty
- Qing Dynasty
- Qocho Kingdom
- Rashidun Caliphate
- Rashtrakuta Dynasty
- Rasulid Dynasty
- Rattanakosin Kingdom
- Regency of Algiers
- Republic of Afghanistan
- Republic of Baja California
- Republic of Belarus
- Republic of Botswana
- Republic of Brazil
- Republic of Cameroon
- Republic of Chad
- Republic of Chile
- Republic of China
- Republic of Colombia
- Republic of Costa Rica
- Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
- Republic of Cuba
- Republic of Ecuador
- Republic of Egypt
- Republic of Finland
- Republic of India
- Republic of Indonesia
- Republic of Italy
- Republic of Kenya
- Republic of Korea
- Republic of Latvia
- Republic of Liberia
- Republic of New Granada
- Republic of Panama
- Republic of Peru
- Republic of Pisa
- Republic of Poland
- Republic of Rwanda
- Republic of Senegal
- Republic of Sudan
- Republic of Syria
- Republic of Texas
- Republic of the Congo
- Republic of the Niger
- Republic of the Philippines
- Republic of the Rio Grande
- Republic of Tunisia
- Republic of Turkey
- Republic of Uganda
- Republic of Uzbekistan
- Republic of Venezuela
- Republic of Venice
- Republic of Vietnam
- Republic of Yemen
- Republic of Zimbabwe
- Republics of the Soviet Union
- Rhodesia
- Río de la Plata
- Riograndense Republic
- Roman Empire
- Roman Kingdom
- Roman Republic
- Romania
- Rouran Khaganate
- Rus'
- Russian Empire
- Russian Federation
- Russian Federation
- Russian Republic
- Rustamid dynasty
- Saadi Sultanate
- Safavid Dynasty
- Saffarid Dynasty
- Salian Franks
- Samanid Empire
- Samo's Empire
- Sarbadars
- Sasanian Empire
- Satavahana Dynasty
- Scandinavian minor kingdoms
- Scythia
- Second Bulgarian Empire
- Second French Empire
- Second French Empire
- Second Mexican Empire
- Second Polish Republic
- Second Spanish Republic
- Second Syrian Republic
- Seleucid Empire
- Seljuk Dynasty
- Sena Dynasty
- Serbian Empire
- Serbs
- Shan States
- Shang Dynasty
- Shaybanids
- Shu Han
- Shunga Empire
- Sikh Empire
- Silla
- Sind-Habbari Dynasty
- Singhasari
- Small Horde
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Socialist Republic of Romania
- Socialist Republic of Vietnam
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Songhai Empire
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- South Africa
- South African Republic
- Southern Chu
- Southern Han
- Southern Ming
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- Southern Tang
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- Southern Xiongnu
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- Spanish Empire
- Spanish Empire
- Spanish Nationalists
- Spring and Autumn States
- Srivijaya
- State of Buenos Aires
- State of Israel
- State of Kuwait
- Sui Dynasty
- Sukhothai Kingdom
- Sultan of Yogyakarta
- Sultanate of Banten
- Sultanate of Bengal
- Sultanate of Brunei
- Sultanate of Darfur
- Sultanate of Johor
- Sultanate of Malacca
- Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
- Sultanate of Oman
- Sultanate of Rum
- Sumerian City-States
- Sur Empire
- Swedish Empire
- Swiss Confederation
- Syria
- Tahirid Sultanate
- Taifas of Iberia
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
- Taliban
- Talpur Dynasty
- Tang Dynasty
- Tanzania
- Tây Sơn dynasty
- Tenochtitlan
- Teotihuacan
- Teutonic Order
- Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
- Thonburi Kingdom
- Tibet
- Tibetan Empire
- Tibetans
- Timurid Empire
- Tokugawa Shogunate
- Toltec
- Trịnh lords
- Tsardom of Russia
- Tughlaq Dynasty
- Tulunids
- Tümed
- Türgesh
- Turk Shahis
- Turkmenistan
- Turks
- Tuyuhun
- Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
- Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
- Ukraine
- Ukrainian People's Republic
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Union of Myanmar
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Unitary State of Brazil
- United Arab Emirates
- United Arab Republic
- United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
- United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
- United Provinces of Central America
- United States of America
- United States of Colombia
- Upper Burgundy and Italy
- Utpala Dynasty
- Uyghur Khaganate
- Vakataka Kingdom
- Vandal Kingdom
- Vandals
- Venezuela
- Vichy France
- Vichy France
- Vientiane
- Vijayanagara Empire
- Viking settlements
- Visigothic Kingdom
- Visigoths
- Volga Bulgaria
- Wadai Empire
- Warring States China
- Warring States Japan
- Water Chenla
- Wattasid dynasty
- Weimar Republic
- West Franks
- Western Chalukya Empire
- Western Chu
- Western Göktürks
- Western Jin
- Western Karakhanid Khanate
- Western Kushans
- Western Moghulistan
- Western Qin
- Western Roman Empire
- Western Satraps
- Western Wei
- Western Xia
- White Horde
- White Huns
- Wu
- Wusun
- Xia
- Xianbei
- Xin Dynasty
- Xiongnu
- Xionites
- Yadava Dynasty
- Yaudheya Republic
- Yenisei Kyrgyz
- Yuan Dynasty
- Yue
- Yuezhi
- Yugoslavia
- Zagwe dynasty
- Zaire
- Zambia
- Zand Dynasty
- Zaporozhian Cossacks
- Zapotec Civilization
- Zengid dynasty
- Zhai
- Zhao
- Zhou Dynasty
- Zimbabwe Rhodesia
- Ziyadid dynasty
- Zululand