Albigensian Crusade
Northern French crusaders march on the Cathars of Languedoc
Pope Innocent III proclaimed a crusade against the Cathar heretics of southern France. It began with the massacre at Béziers in July 1209 and within twenty years brought Languedoc, the lands of the counts of Toulouse, under the French crown.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1185 Prince Igor's campaign — 24 years earlier
- 1223 Battle of the Kalka River — 14 years later
Middle East
- 1191 Third Crusade: capture of Acre — 18 years earlier
Asia
- 1192–1333 First shogunate in Japan — 17 years earlier
- 1192 Second Battle of Tarain — 17 years earlier
- 1206 Temüjin proclaimed Genghis Khan — 3 years earlier
- 1206 Founding of the Delhi Sultanate — 3 years earlier
- 1219 The Mongols invade Khwarazm — 10 years later
Alive at the time
- Genghis Khan (aged 47)
- Vsevolod the Big Nest (aged 55)
- Philip II Augustus (aged 44)
- John Lackland (aged 43)
- Francis of Assisi (aged 27)
- Frederick II (aged 15)
- Rumi (aged 2)
- Jayavarman VII (aged 87)
- Tamar of Georgia (aged 43)
- Fibonacci (aged 39)