The Mongols invade Khwarazm
Revenge for slain merchants: Bukhara, Samarkand and Merv razed
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In 1218 the governor of Otrar massacred a Mongol trade caravan, and Shah Muhammad II of Khwarazm executed Genghis Khan's envoy. The Mongols invaded: in 1219–1221 Otrar, Bukhara, Samarkand, Urgench and Merv fell, and many of their people were slaughtered. The shah died a fugitive on an island in the Caspian.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 13th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1202 Fibonacci's Liber Abaci — 17 years earlier
- 1204 Sack of Constantinople — 15 years earlier
- 1215 Magna Carta — 4 years earlier
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1223 Battle of the Kalka River — 4 years later
- 1237–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus' — 18 years later
- 1240 Batu Khan takes Kiev — 21 years later
- c. 1242 The Golden Horde is founded — 23 years later
Alive at the time
- Genghis Khan (aged 57)
- Kublai Khan (aged 4)
- Philip II Augustus (aged 54)
- Francis of Assisi (aged 37)
- Frederick II (aged 25)
- Rumi (aged 12)
- Saint Louis (Louis IX) (aged 5)
- Sundiata Keita (aged 2)
- Rudolf I (aged 1)
- Fibonacci (aged 49)