Holy Roman / Austrian Emperors in order — and who ruled the rest of the world at the same time
Every ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and Austria in order — and next to each, who was ruling England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire, China, the USA and Russia in the same years.
Who was ruling the world when Otto the Great was in power
Otto the Great · 936 – 973
founder of the Holy Roman Empire who crushed the Magyars at the Lech
Rus and Russia: Igor of Kiev 912 – 945, Olga of Kiev 945 – 960, Sviatoslav I 960 – 972, Yaropolk I 972 – 978
England and Britain: Æthelstan 924 – 939, Edgar the Peaceful 959 – 975
China: dynasties: Five Dynasties 907 – 960, Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Otto II was in power
Otto II · 973 – 983
emperor wed to the Byzantine Theophanu, defeated by the Arabs in Calabria
Rus and Russia: Yaropolk I 972 – 978, Vladimir the Great 978 – 1015
England and Britain: Edgar the Peaceful 959 – 975, Æthelred the Unready 978 – 1013
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Otto III was in power
Otto III · 983 – 1002
boy emperor who dreamed of reviving the Roman Empire with its seat in Rome
Rus and Russia: Vladimir the Great 978 – 1015
England and Britain: Æthelred the Unready 978 – 1013
Franks and France: Hugh Capet 987 – 996, Robert II the Pious 996 – 1031
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Henry II was in power
Henry II · 1002 – 1024
last Ottonian emperor, founder of the see of Bamberg, canonised as a saint
Rus and Russia: Vladimir the Great 978 – 1015, Sviatopolk the Accursed 1015 – 1019, Yaroslav the Wise 1019 – 1054
England and Britain: Æthelred the Unready 978 – 1013, Cnut the Great 1016 – 1035
Franks and France: Robert II the Pious 996 – 1031
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
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Who was ruling the world when Conrad II was in power
Conrad II · 1024 – 1039
first Salian emperor, who added the Kingdom of Burgundy to the empire
Rus and Russia: Yaroslav the Wise 1019 – 1054
England and Britain: Cnut the Great 1016 – 1035
Franks and France: Robert II the Pious 996 – 1031, Henry I 1031 – 1060
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
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Who was ruling the world when Henry III was in power
Henry III · 1039 – 1056
emperor who deposed three rival popes at the Synod of Sutri
Rus and Russia: Yaroslav the Wise 1019 – 1054, Iziaslav I 1054 – 1078
England and Britain: Edward the Confessor 1042 – 1066
Franks and France: Henry I 1031 – 1060
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Henry IV was in power
Henry IV · 1056 – 1105
emperor humbled at Canossa in his struggle with the pope
Rus and Russia: Iziaslav I 1054 – 1078, Vsevolod I 1078 – 1093, Sviatopolk II 1093 – 1113
England and Britain: Edward the Confessor 1042 – 1066, William the Conqueror 1066 – 1087, William II Rufus 1087 – 1100, Henry I Beauclerc 1100 – 1135
Franks and France: Henry I 1031 – 1060, Philip I 1060 – 1108
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Henry V was in power
Henry V · 1105 – 1125
last Salian, who ended the Investiture Controversy with the Concordat of Worms
Rus and Russia: Sviatopolk II 1093 – 1113, Vladimir II Monomakh 1113 – 1125, Mstislav the Great 1125 – 1132
England and Britain: Henry I Beauclerc 1100 – 1135
Franks and France: Philip I 1060 – 1108, Louis VI the Fat 1108 – 1137
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Lothair III was in power
Lothair III · 1125 – 1137
Saxon duke elected by the princes in preference to the Staufer
Rus and Russia: Vladimir II Monomakh 1113 – 1125, Mstislav the Great 1125 – 1132, Yuri Dolgoruky 1132 – 1157
England and Britain: Henry I Beauclerc 1100 – 1135, Stephen of Blois 1135 – 1154
Franks and France: Louis VI the Fat 1108 – 1137, Louis VII the Young 1137 – 1180
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Conrad III was in power
Conrad III · 1138 – 1152
first Staufer king, unlucky leader in the Second Crusade
Rus and Russia: Yuri Dolgoruky 1132 – 1157
England and Britain: Stephen of Blois 1135 – 1154
Franks and France: Louis VII the Young 1137 – 1180
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Frederick Barbarossa was in power
Frederick Barbarossa · 1152 – 1190
Holy Roman Emperor
Rus and Russia: Yuri Dolgoruky 1132 – 1157, Andrey Bogolyubsky 1157 – 1174, Vsevolod the Big Nest 1176 – 1212
England and Britain: Stephen of Blois 1135 – 1154, Henry II 1154 – 1189, Richard the Lionheart 1189 – 1199
Franks and France: Louis VII the Young 1137 – 1180, Philip II Augustus 1180 – 1223
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
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Who was ruling the world when Henry VI was in power
Henry VI · 1190 – 1197
emperor who held Richard the Lionheart for ransom and won Sicily
Rus and Russia: Vsevolod the Big Nest 1176 – 1212
England and Britain: Richard the Lionheart 1189 – 1199
Franks and France: Philip II Augustus 1180 – 1223
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Philip of Swabia was in power
Philip of Swabia · 1198 – 1208
the first German king to be assassinated
Rus and Russia: Vsevolod the Big Nest 1176 – 1212
England and Britain: Richard the Lionheart 1189 – 1199, John Lackland 1199 – 1216
Franks and France: Philip II Augustus 1180 – 1223
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Otto IV was in power
Otto IV · 1208 – 1215
the only Welf emperor, beaten by the French at Bouvines
Rus and Russia: Vsevolod the Big Nest 1176 – 1212, Yuri II of Vladimir 1212 – 1238
England and Britain: John Lackland 1199 – 1216
Franks and France: Philip II Augustus 1180 – 1223
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Frederick II was in power
Frederick II · 1215 – 1250
"Wonder of the World", polyglot emperor who regained Jerusalem without a fight
Rus and Russia: Yuri II of Vladimir 1212 – 1238, Yaroslav II of Vladimir 1238 – 1246
England and Britain: John Lackland 1199 – 1216, Henry III 1216 – 1272
Franks and France: Philip II Augustus 1180 – 1223, Louis VIII the Lion 1223 – 1226, Saint Louis (Louis IX) 1226 – 1270
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Conrad IV was in power
Conrad IV · 1250 – 1254
last Staufer to hold the German throne
Rus and Russia: Alexander Nevsky 1252 – 1263
England and Britain: Henry III 1216 – 1272
Franks and France: Saint Louis (Louis IX) 1226 – 1270
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279
Who was ruling the world when Interregnum was in power
Interregnum · 1254 – 1273
Rus and Russia: Alexander Nevsky 1252 – 1263, Daniel of Moscow 1263 – 1303
England and Britain: Henry III 1216 – 1272, Edward I Longshanks 1272 – 1307
Franks and France: Saint Louis (Louis IX) 1226 – 1270, Philip III the Bold 1270 – 1285
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279, Yuan 1271 – 1368
Who was ruling the world when Rudolf I was in power
Rudolf I · 1273 – 1291
first Habsburg king, who won Austria for his house
Rus and Russia: Daniel of Moscow 1263 – 1303
England and Britain: Edward I Longshanks 1272 – 1307
Franks and France: Philip III the Bold 1270 – 1285, Philip IV the Fair 1285 – 1314
China: dynasties: Song 960 – 1279, Yuan 1271 – 1368
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Who was ruling the world when Adolf of Nassau was in power
Adolf of Nassau · 1292 – 1298
minor count deposed by the electors and killed at the Battle of Göllheim
Rus and Russia: Daniel of Moscow 1263 – 1303
England and Britain: Edward I Longshanks 1272 – 1307
Franks and France: Philip IV the Fair 1285 – 1314
China: dynasties: Yuan 1271 – 1368
Who was ruling the world when Albert I was in power
Albert I · 1298 – 1308
Habsburg king murdered by his own nephew, John the Parricide
Rus and Russia: Daniel of Moscow 1263 – 1303, Yury of Moscow 1303 – 1325
England and Britain: Edward I Longshanks 1272 – 1307, Edward II 1307 – 1327
Franks and France: Philip IV the Fair 1285 – 1314
Ottoman Empire: Osman I 1299 – 1324
China: dynasties: Yuan 1271 – 1368
Who was ruling the world when Henry VII was in power
Henry VII · 1308 – 1313
Luxembourg emperor on whom Dante pinned his hopes for a revived empire
Rus and Russia: Yury of Moscow 1303 – 1325
England and Britain: Edward II 1307 – 1327
Franks and France: Philip IV the Fair 1285 – 1314
Ottoman Empire: Osman I 1299 – 1324
China: dynasties: Yuan 1271 – 1368
Who was ruling the world when Louis the Bavarian was in power
Louis the Bavarian · 1314 – 1347
emperor excommunicated by the pope and crowned in Rome without him
Rus and Russia: Yury of Moscow 1303 – 1325, Ivan Kalita 1325 – 1340, Simeon the Proud 1340 – 1353
England and Britain: Edward II 1307 – 1327, Edward III 1327 – 1377
Franks and France: Philip IV the Fair 1285 – 1314, Louis X the Quarreller 1314 – 1316, Philip V the Tall 1316 – 1322, Charles IV the Fair 1322 – 1328, Philip VI 1328 – 1350
Ottoman Empire: Osman I 1299 – 1324, Orhan 1324 – 1362
China: dynasties: Yuan 1271 – 1368
Who was ruling the world when Charles IV was in power
Charles IV · 1347 – 1378
emperor who made Prague an imperial capital and issued the Golden Bull
Rus and Russia: Simeon the Proud 1340 – 1353, Ivan II the Fair 1353 – 1359, Dmitry Donskoy 1359 – 1389
England and Britain: Edward III 1327 – 1377, Richard II 1377 – 1399
Franks and France: Philip VI 1328 – 1350, John II the Good 1350 – 1364, Charles V the Wise 1364 – 1380
Ottoman Empire: Orhan 1324 – 1362, Murad I 1362 – 1389
China: dynasties: Yuan 1271 – 1368, Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Wenceslaus was in power
Wenceslaus · 1378 – 1400
Bohemian king deposed by the electors as "idle and useless"
Rus and Russia: Dmitry Donskoy 1359 – 1389, Vasily I 1389 – 1425
England and Britain: Richard II 1377 – 1399, Henry IV 1399 – 1413
Franks and France: Charles V the Wise 1364 – 1380, Charles VI the Mad 1380 – 1422
Ottoman Empire: Murad I 1362 – 1389, Bayezid I the Thunderbolt 1389 – 1402
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Rupert of the Palatinate was in power
Rupert of the Palatinate · 1400 – 1410
Elector Palatine chosen to replace the deposed Wenceslaus
Rus and Russia: Vasily I 1389 – 1425
England and Britain: Henry IV 1399 – 1413
Franks and France: Charles VI the Mad 1380 – 1422
Ottoman Empire: Bayezid I the Thunderbolt 1389 – 1402, Interregnum 1402 – 1413
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Sigismund was in power
Sigismund · 1410 – 1437
emperor of the Council of Constance that ended the Schism and burned Hus
Rus and Russia: Vasily I 1389 – 1425, Vasily II the Blind 1425 – 1462
England and Britain: Henry IV 1399 – 1413, Henry V 1413 – 1422, Henry VI 1422 – 1461
Franks and France: Charles VI the Mad 1380 – 1422, Charles VII 1422 – 1461
Ottoman Empire: Interregnum 1402 – 1413, Mehmed I Çelebi 1413 – 1421, Murad II 1421 – 1451
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Albert II was in power
Albert II · 1438 – 1439
first Habsburg to unite Austria, Bohemia and Hungary
Rus and Russia: Vasily II the Blind 1425 – 1462
England and Britain: Henry VI 1422 – 1461
Franks and France: Charles VII 1422 – 1461
Ottoman Empire: Murad II 1421 – 1451
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
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Who was ruling the world when Frederick III was in power
Frederick III · 1440 – 1493
last emperor crowned in Rome, who reigned for 53 years
Rus and Russia: Vasily II the Blind 1425 – 1462, Ivan III 1462 – 1505
England and Britain: Henry VI 1422 – 1461, Edward IV 1461 – 1483, Richard III 1483 – 1485, Henry VII 1485 – 1509
Franks and France: Charles VII 1422 – 1461, Louis XI 1461 – 1483, Charles VIII 1483 – 1498
Ottoman Empire: Murad II 1421 – 1451, Mehmed II 1451 – 1481, Bayezid II 1481 – 1512
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Maximilian I was in power
Maximilian I · 1493 – 1519
"the Last Knight", who raised the Habsburgs through shrewd marriages
Rus and Russia: Ivan III 1462 – 1505, Vasily III 1505 – 1533
England and Britain: Henry VII 1485 – 1509, Henry VIII 1509 – 1547
Franks and France: Charles VIII 1483 – 1498, Louis XII 1498 – 1515, Francis I 1515 – 1547
Ottoman Empire: Bayezid II 1481 – 1512, Selim I the Grim 1512 – 1520
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
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Who was ruling the world when Charles V was in power
Charles V · 1519 – 1556
ruler of an empire "on which the sun never sets"
Rus and Russia: Vasily III 1505 – 1533, Ivan the Terrible 1533 – 1584
England and Britain: Henry VIII 1509 – 1547, Edward VI 1547 – 1553, Mary I 1553 – 1558
Franks and France: Francis I 1515 – 1547, Henry II 1547 – 1559
Ottoman Empire: Selim I the Grim 1512 – 1520, Suleiman the Magnificent 1520 – 1566
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Ferdinand I was in power
Ferdinand I · 1556 – 1564
emperor of the Peace of Augsburg who held Vienna against Suleiman
Rus and Russia: Ivan the Terrible 1533 – 1584
England and Britain: Mary I 1553 – 1558, Elizabeth I 1558 – 1603
Franks and France: Henry II 1547 – 1559, Francis II 1559 – 1560, Charles IX 1560 – 1574
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman the Magnificent 1520 – 1566
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Maximilian II was in power
Maximilian II · 1564 – 1576
tolerant emperor who sympathised with the Protestants
Rus and Russia: Ivan the Terrible 1533 – 1584
England and Britain: Elizabeth I 1558 – 1603
Franks and France: Charles IX 1560 – 1574, Henry III 1574 – 1589
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman the Magnificent 1520 – 1566, Selim II 1566 – 1574, Murad III 1574 – 1595
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
Who was ruling the world when Rudolf II was in power
Rudolf II · 1576 – 1612
patron emperor who gathered Kepler, Brahe and Arcimboldo in Prague
Rus and Russia: Ivan the Terrible 1533 – 1584, Feodor I 1584 – 1598, Boris Godunov 1598 – 1605, False Dmitry I 1605 – 1606, Vasily Shuisky 1606 – 1610, Seven Boyars 1610 – 1613
England and Britain: Elizabeth I 1558 – 1603, James I 1603 – 1625
Franks and France: Henry III 1574 – 1589, Henry IV 1589 – 1610, Louis XIII 1610 – 1643
Ottoman Empire: Murad III 1574 – 1595, Mehmed III 1595 – 1603, Ahmed I 1603 – 1617
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644
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Who was ruling the world when Matthias was in power
Matthias · 1612 – 1619
emperor under whom the Defenestration of Prague began the Thirty Years' War
Who was ruling the world when Ferdinand II was in power
Ferdinand II · 1619 – 1637
zealous Catholic who crushed the Bohemian revolt in the Thirty Years' War
Who was ruling the world when Ferdinand III was in power
Ferdinand III · 1637 – 1657
emperor who signed the Peace of Westphalia
Rus and Russia: Michael I 1613 – 1645, Alexis the Most Quiet 1645 – 1676
England and Britain: Charles I 1625 – 1649, Oliver Cromwell 1649 – 1660
Franks and France: Louis XIII 1610 – 1643, Louis XIV 1643 – 1715
Ottoman Empire: Murad IV 1623 – 1640, Ibrahim the Mad 1640 – 1648, Mehmed IV the Hunter 1648 – 1687
China: dynasties: Ming 1368 – 1644, Qing 1644 – 1912
Who was ruling the world when Leopold I was in power
Leopold I · 1658 – 1705
emperor under whom Vienna was saved from the Turks and Hungary retaken
Rus and Russia: Alexis the Most Quiet 1645 – 1676, Feodor III 1676 – 1682, Peter the Great 1682 – 1725
England and Britain: Oliver Cromwell 1649 – 1660, Charles II 1660 – 1685, James II 1685 – 1688, William III of Orange 1689 – 1702, Queen Anne 1702 – 1714
Franks and France: Louis XIV 1643 – 1715
Ottoman Empire: Mehmed IV the Hunter 1648 – 1687, Suleiman II 1687 – 1691, Ahmed II 1691 – 1695, Mustafa II 1695 – 1703, Ahmed III 1703 – 1730
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
Who was ruling the world when Joseph I was in power
Joseph I · 1705 – 1711
emperor of the War of the Spanish Succession, dead of smallpox at 32
Rus and Russia: Peter the Great 1682 – 1725
England and Britain: Queen Anne 1702 – 1714
Franks and France: Louis XIV 1643 – 1715
Ottoman Empire: Ahmed III 1703 – 1730
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
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Who was ruling the world when Charles VI was in power
Charles VI · 1711 – 1740
emperor of the Pragmatic Sanction, who left his realms to Maria Theresa
Rus and Russia: Peter the Great 1682 – 1725, Catherine I 1725 – 1727, Peter II 1727 – 1730, Anna 1730 – 1740, Ivan VI 1740 – 1741
England and Britain: Queen Anne 1702 – 1714, George I 1714 – 1727, George II 1727 – 1760
Franks and France: Louis XIV 1643 – 1715, Louis XV 1715 – 1774
Ottoman Empire: Ahmed III 1703 – 1730, Mahmud I 1730 – 1754
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
Who was ruling the world when Charles VII was in power
Charles VII · 1742 – 1745
Bavarian elector, the only non-Habsburg emperor in three centuries
Who was ruling the world when Francis I was in power
Francis I · 1745 – 1765
husband of Maria Theresa and founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty
Rus and Russia: Elizabeth 1741 – 1762, Peter III 1762 – 1762, Catherine the Great 1762 – 1796
England and Britain: George II 1727 – 1760, George III 1760 – 1820
Franks and France: Louis XV 1715 – 1774
Ottoman Empire: Mahmud I 1730 – 1754, Osman III 1754 – 1757, Mustafa III 1757 – 1774
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
Who was ruling the world when Joseph II was in power
Joseph II · 1765 – 1790
enlightened reformer who abolished serfdom
Rus and Russia: Catherine the Great 1762 – 1796
England and Britain: George III 1760 – 1820
Franks and France: Louis XV 1715 – 1774, Louis XVI 1774 – 1792
Ottoman Empire: Mustafa III 1757 – 1774, Abdul Hamid I 1774 – 1789, Selim III 1789 – 1807
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
US presidents: George Washington 1789 – 1797
Who was ruling the world when Leopold II was in power
Leopold II · 1790 – 1792
Tuscan reformer who was first in Europe to abolish the death penalty
Rus and Russia: Catherine the Great 1762 – 1796
England and Britain: George III 1760 – 1820
Franks and France: Louis XVI 1774 – 1792, First Republic 1792 – 1804
Ottoman Empire: Selim III 1789 – 1807
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
US presidents: George Washington 1789 – 1797
Who was ruling the world when Francis II was in power
Francis II · 1792 – 1835
last Holy Roman Emperor, who dissolved the empire in 1806
Rus and Russia: Catherine the Great 1762 – 1796, Paul I 1796 – 1801, Alexander I 1801 – 1825, Nicholas I 1825 – 1855
England and Britain: George III 1760 – 1820, George IV 1820 – 1830, William IV 1830 – 1837
Franks and France: Louis XVI 1774 – 1792, First Republic 1792 – 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte 1804 – 1814, Louis XVIII 1814 – 1824, Charles X 1824 – 1830, Louis Philippe I 1830 – 1848
Ottoman Empire: Selim III 1789 – 1807, Mustafa IV 1807 – 1808, Mahmud II 1808 – 1839
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
US presidents: George Washington 1789 – 1797, John Adams 1797 – 1801, Thomas Jefferson 1801 – 1809, James Madison 1809 – 1817, James Monroe 1817 – 1825, John Quincy Adams 1825 – 1829, Andrew Jackson 1829 – 1837
Who was ruling the world when Ferdinand I of Austria was in power
Ferdinand I of Austria · 1835 – 1848
ailing emperor for whom Metternich governed, abdicated in 1848
Rus and Russia: Nicholas I 1825 – 1855
England and Britain: William IV 1830 – 1837, Queen Victoria 1837 – 1901
Franks and France: Louis Philippe I 1830 – 1848, Second Republic 1848 – 1852
Ottoman Empire: Mahmud II 1808 – 1839, Abdulmejid I 1839 – 1861
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912
US presidents: Andrew Jackson 1829 – 1837, Martin Van Buren 1837 – 1841, John Tyler 1841 – 1845, James K. Polk 1845 – 1849
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Who was ruling the world when Franz Joseph I was in power
Franz Joseph I · 1848 – 1916
emperor of Austria-Hungary for 68 years, who took it into the First World War
Rus and Russia: Nicholas I 1825 – 1855, Alexander II of Russia 1855 – 1881, Alexander III the Peacemaker 1881 – 1894, Nicholas II 1894 – 1917
England and Britain: Queen Victoria 1837 – 1901, Edward VII 1901 – 1910, George V 1910 – 1936
Franks and France: Louis Philippe I 1830 – 1848, Second Republic 1848 – 1852, Napoleon III 1852 – 1870, Third Republic 1870 – 1940
Ottoman Empire: Abdulmejid I 1839 – 1861, Abdulaziz 1861 – 1876, Abdul Hamid II 1876 – 1909, Mehmed V Reşad 1909 – 1918
China: dynasties: Qing 1644 – 1912, Republic of China 1912 – 1949
US presidents: James K. Polk 1845 – 1849, Zachary Taylor 1849 – 1850, Millard Fillmore 1850 – 1853, Franklin Pierce 1853 – 1857, James Buchanan 1857 – 1861, Abraham Lincoln 1861 – 1865, Andrew Johnson 1865 – 1869, Ulysses S. Grant 1869 – 1877, Rutherford B. Hayes 1877 – 1881, Chester A. Arthur 1881 – 1885, Grover Cleveland 1885 – 1889, Benjamin Harrison 1889 – 1893, Grover Cleveland 1893 – 1897, William McKinley 1897 – 1901, Theodore Roosevelt 1901 – 1909, William Howard Taft 1909 – 1913, Woodrow Wilson 1913 – 1921
Who was ruling the world when Charles I of Austria was in power
Charles I of Austria · 1916 – 1918
last emperor of Austria-Hungary, who tried to make a separate peace
Rus and Russia: Nicholas II 1894 – 1917, Provisional Government 1917 – 1917, Vladimir Lenin 1917 – 1924
England and Britain: George V 1910 – 1936
Franks and France: Third Republic 1870 – 1940
Ottoman Empire: Mehmed V Reşad 1909 – 1918, Mehmed VI 1918 – 1922
China: dynasties: Republic of China 1912 – 1949
US presidents: Woodrow Wilson 1913 – 1921