Joseph I
1678 – 1711 · 33 years · Vienna · Europe
Reign: 1705 – 1711 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
Eldest son of Leopold I. Allied with Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy, he fought Louis XIV successfully and put down Rákóczi's Hungarian uprising, but died suddenly of smallpox in 1711, leaving no sons.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Portrait: Frans van Stampart · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Louis XIV — King of France, the Sun King, 40 years older
- Isaac Newton — English physicist and mathematician, 35 years older
- Johann Sebastian Bach — German composer and organist, 7 years younger
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 16 years younger
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz — German philosopher and mathematician, 32 years older
- Queen Anne — last Stuart monarch, under whom Great Britain was created, 13 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Peter the Great — first Emperor of Russia, 6 years older
- Vitus Bering — Danish explorer in Russian service, 3 years younger
- Catherine I — first Russian empress, widow of Peter the Great, 6 years younger
- Anna — empress who tore up the Conditions; era of Biron's dominance, 15 years younger
Middle East
- Ahmed III — sultan of the 'Tulip Era', 5 years older
- Nader Shah — Shah of Iran and conqueror, 10 years younger
- Mustafa II — sultan who signed the Treaty of Karlowitz, 14 years older
- Ahmed II — sultan who lost the Battle of Slankamen, 35 years older
- Mehmed IV the Hunter — sultan of the Köprülü era and the siege of Vienna, 36 years older
- Mahmud I — sultan who regained Belgrade by the 1739 peace, 18 years younger
Africa
- Moulay Ismail — Sultan of Morocco, 33 years older
- Osei Tutu I — founder of the Ashanti Empire, 18 years older
- Kimpa Vita — Kongolese prophet, 6 years younger
Asia
- Kangxi Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 24 years older
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi — the 'Dog Shogun' who outlawed cruelty to animals, 32 years older
- Aurangzeb — Mughal emperor, 60 years older
- Tokugawa Yoshimune — reforming shogun who allowed Western books, 6 years younger
- Matsuo Bashō — Japanese poet, 34 years older
- Tokugawa Ienobu — shogun who repealed Tsunayoshi's dog laws, 16 years older
Americas
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz — Mexican poet and nun, 30 years older
The world in their lifetime
- 1682 Accession of Peter the Great — aged 4, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1683 Battle of Vienna — aged 5, Europe
- 1687 Newton's Principia — aged 9, Europe
- 1688–1689 Glorious Revolution — aged 10, Europe
- 1703 Founding of Saint Petersburg — aged 25, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1709 Battle of Poltava — aged 31, Eastern Europe & Russia