Mahmud I
1696 – 1754 · 58 years · Istanbul · Middle East
Reign: 1730 – 1754 (Ottoman Empire)
Brought to power by the Patrona Halil revolt, he soon crushed the rebels. With the Frenchman Bonneval (Ahmed Pasha) he modernised the artillery, and the Treaty of Belgrade (1739) won Belgrade back from Austria.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 18th century
Portrait: Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 2 years older
- Johann Sebastian Bach — German composer and organist, 11 years older
- Isaac Newton — English physicist and mathematician, 53 years older
- Louis XIV — King of France, the Sun King, 58 years older
- Carl Linnaeus — Swedish naturalist, 11 years younger
- Louis XV — king under whom France lost Canada, 14 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Mikhail Lomonosov — Russian polymath, 15 years younger
- Peter the Great — first Emperor of Russia, 24 years older
- Catherine the Great — Empress of Russia, 33 years younger
- Leonhard Euler — Swiss mathematician, 11 years younger
- Vitus Bering — Danish explorer in Russian service, 15 years older
- Elizabeth — empress who founded Moscow University, 13 years younger
Middle East
- Nader Shah — Shah of Iran and conqueror, 8 years older
- Ahmed III — sultan of the 'Tulip Era', 23 years older
- Osman III — sultan who spent 50 years in the 'cage', 3 years younger
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab — Islamic religious reformer, 7 years younger
- Mustafa III — sultan who lost the war to Catherine II, 21 years younger
- Abdul Hamid I — sultan of the Küçük Kaynarca peace and the loss of Crimea, 29 years younger
Africa
- Moulay Ismail — Sultan of Morocco, 51 years older
- Osei Tutu I — founder of the Ashanti Empire, 36 years older
- Kimpa Vita — Kongolese prophet, 12 years older
Asia
- Kangxi Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 42 years older
- Tokugawa Yoshimune — reforming shogun who allowed Western books, 12 years older
- Qianlong Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 15 years younger
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi — the 'Dog Shogun' who outlawed cruelty to animals, 50 years older
- Aurangzeb — Mughal emperor, 78 years older
- Tokugawa Ieshige — ailing shogun whose speech only one courtier understood, 16 years younger
Americas
- Benjamin Franklin — American scientist and statesman, 10 years younger
- George Washington — first President of the United States, 36 years younger
- Túpac Amaru II — leader of an Andean uprising, 42 years younger
- Thomas Jefferson — third President of the United States, 47 years younger
- Toussaint Louverture — leader of the Haitian Revolution, 47 years younger
- Aleijadinho — Brazilian sculptor and architect, 34 years younger
Oceania
- James Cook — British navigator, 32 years younger
- Tupaia — Tahitian navigator and priest, 29 years younger
- Arthur Phillip — first Governor of New South Wales, 42 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1703 Founding of Saint Petersburg — aged 7, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1709 Battle of Poltava — aged 13, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1721 Proclamation of the Russian Empire — aged 25, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state — aged 51, Middle East