Kangxi Emperor
1654 – 1722 · 68 years · Beijing · Asia
China's longest-reigning emperor (61 years). Consolidated Qing rule, annexed Taiwan and signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Portrait: Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Isaac Newton — English physicist and mathematician, 11 years older
- Louis XIV — King of France, the Sun King, 16 years older
- Johann Sebastian Bach — German composer and organist, 31 years younger
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 40 years younger
- Rembrandt — Dutch painter, 48 years older
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz — German philosopher and mathematician, 8 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Peter the Great — first Emperor of Russia, 18 years younger
- Mikhail Lomonosov — Russian polymath, 57 years younger
- Vitus Bering — Danish explorer in Russian service, 27 years younger
- Catherine I — first Russian empress, widow of Peter the Great, 30 years younger
- Anna — empress who tore up the Conditions; era of Biron's dominance, 39 years younger
- Alexis the Most Quiet — tsar of the 1649 Law Code and the church schism, 25 years older
Middle East
- Ahmed III — sultan of the 'Tulip Era', 19 years younger
- Nader Shah — Shah of Iran and conqueror, 34 years younger
- Ahmed II — sultan who lost the Battle of Slankamen, 11 years older
- Mehmed IV the Hunter — sultan of the Köprülü era and the siege of Vienna, 12 years older
- Mustafa II — sultan who signed the Treaty of Karlowitz, 10 years younger
- Suleiman II — sultan who retook Belgrade after 39 years in the 'cage', 12 years older
Africa
- Moulay Ismail — Sultan of Morocco, 9 years older
- Osei Tutu I — founder of the Ashanti Empire, 6 years younger
- Kimpa Vita — Kongolese prophet, 30 years younger
- Fasilides — Emperor of Ethiopia, 51 years older
Asia
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi — the 'Dog Shogun' who outlawed cruelty to animals, 8 years older
- Aurangzeb — Mughal emperor, 36 years older
- Matsuo Bashō — Japanese poet, 10 years older
- Tokugawa Yoshimune — reforming shogun who allowed Western books, 30 years younger
- Shivaji — founder of the Maratha state, 24 years older
- Shah Jahan — Mughal emperor, 62 years older
Americas
- Benjamin Franklin — American scientist and statesman, 52 years younger
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz — Mexican poet and nun, 6 years older
The world in their lifetime
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — aged 0, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — aged 8, Africa
- 1676 Leeuwenhoek sees microbes — aged 22, Europe
- 1682 Accession of Peter the Great — aged 28, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1683 Battle of Vienna — aged 29, Europe
- 1687 Newton's Principia — aged 33, Europe
- 1688–1689 Glorious Revolution — aged 34, Europe
- 1703 Founding of Saint Petersburg — aged 49, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1709 Battle of Poltava — aged 55, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1721 Proclamation of the Russian Empire — aged 67, Eastern Europe & Russia