Shivaji
1630 – 1680 · 50 years · Raigad · Asia
Maratha leader and master of guerrilla war against the Mughals, crowned Chhatrapati in 1674 as founder of the Maratha state.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Portrait: Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Louis XIV — King of France, the Sun King, 8 years younger
- Rembrandt — Dutch painter, 24 years older
- Isaac Newton — English physicist and mathematician, 13 years younger
- René Descartes — French philosopher and mathematician, 34 years older
- Galileo Galilei — Italian physicist and astronomer, 66 years older
- Charles II — the 'Merry Monarch' of the Restoration, born the same year
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Alexis the Most Quiet — tsar of the 1649 Law Code and the church schism, 1 year older
- Michael I — first tsar of the Romanov dynasty, 34 years older
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky — Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, 35 years older
- Feodor III — tsar who abolished the precedence system (mestnichestvo), 31 years younger
- Dmitry Pozharsky — prince and militia leader, 52 years older
Middle East
- Murad IV — sultan who retook Baghdad and banned tobacco, 18 years older
- Evliya Çelebi — Ottoman traveller, 19 years older
- Mehmed IV the Hunter — sultan of the Köprülü era and the siege of Vienna, 12 years younger
- Suleiman II — sultan who retook Belgrade after 39 years in the 'cage', 12 years younger
- Ahmed II — sultan who lost the Battle of Slankamen, 13 years younger
- Kösem Sultan — Ottoman queen mother, 41 years older
Africa
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba — Queen of Ndongo and Matamba, 47 years older
- Fasilides — Emperor of Ethiopia, 27 years older
- Moulay Ismail — Sultan of Morocco, 15 years younger
- Osei Tutu I — founder of the Ashanti Empire, 30 years younger
Asia
- Kangxi Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 24 years younger
- Aurangzeb — Mughal emperor, 12 years older
- Shah Jahan — Mughal emperor, 38 years older
- Matsuo Bashō — Japanese poet, 14 years younger
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi — the 'Dog Shogun' who outlawed cruelty to animals, 16 years younger
- Tokugawa Iemitsu — shogun who closed Japan to the Europeans, 26 years older
Americas
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz — Mexican poet and nun, 18 years younger
Oceania
- Abel Tasman — Dutch navigator, 27 years older
The world in their lifetime
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal — aged 2, Asia
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — aged 14, Asia
- 1648 Peace of Westphalia — aged 18, Europe
- 1649 Execution of Charles I of England — aged 19, Europe
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — aged 24, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — aged 32, Africa
- 1676 Leeuwenhoek sees microbes — aged 46, Europe