Portugal regains independence
A Lisbon conspiracy ends sixty years of union with Spain
On 1 December 1640 noble conspirators seized the palace in Lisbon and proclaimed the Duke of Braganza king as John IV. Spain, tied down by the revolt in Catalonia and the Thirty Years' War, could not win the country back and recognised Portugal's independence in 1668.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1649 Law Code of 1649 — 9 years later
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — 14 years later
Africa
- 1624–1663 Nzinga becomes Queen of Ndongo — 16 years earlier
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — 22 years later
Asia
- 1616 Nurhaci founds the Later Jin — 24 years earlier
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal — 8 years earlier
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — 4 years later
Alive at the time
- Galileo Galilei (aged 76)
- René Descartes (aged 44)
- Rembrandt (aged 34)
- Louis XIV (aged 2)
- Nur Jahan (aged 63)
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba (aged 57)
- Thomas Hobbes (aged 52)
- Shah Jahan (aged 48)
- Michael I (aged 44)
- Oliver Cromwell (aged 41)