Oliver Cromwell
1599 – 1658 · 59 years · London · Europe
Reign: 1649 – 1660 (England and Britain)
Parliamentary leader in the English Civil War whose New Model Army defeated the royalists; ruled as Lord Protector after Charles I's execution.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Portrait: After Samuel Cooper · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Rembrandt — Dutch painter, 7 years younger
- René Descartes — French philosopher and mathematician, 3 years older
- Galileo Galilei — Italian physicist and astronomer, 35 years older
- Louis XIV — King of France, the Sun King, 39 years younger
- Miguel de Cervantes — Spanish novelist, 52 years older
- William Shakespeare — English playwright and poet, 35 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Michael I — first tsar of the Romanov dynasty, 3 years older
- Alexis the Most Quiet — tsar of the 1649 Law Code and the church schism, 30 years younger
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky — Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, 4 years older
- Dmitry Pozharsky — prince and militia leader, 21 years older
- Vasily Shuisky — boyar tsar of the Time of Troubles who died in Polish captivity, 47 years older
Middle East
- Abbas the Great — Safavid Shah of Iran, 28 years older
- Murad IV — sultan who retook Baghdad and banned tobacco, 13 years younger
- Kösem Sultan — Ottoman queen mother, 10 years older
- Evliya Çelebi — Ottoman traveller, 12 years younger
- Mustafa I — mentally unstable sultan enthroned twice, 1 year younger
- Ibrahim the Mad — sultan nicknamed 'the Mad', 16 years younger
Africa
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba — Queen of Ndongo and Matamba, 16 years older
- Fasilides — Emperor of Ethiopia, 4 years younger
- Ahmed Baba — Timbuktu scholar, 43 years older
- Moulay Ismail — Sultan of Morocco, 46 years younger
Asia
- Tokugawa Ieyasu — first Tokugawa shogun, 56 years older
- Shah Jahan — Mughal emperor, 7 years older
- Tokugawa Iemitsu — shogun who closed Japan to the Europeans, 5 years younger
- Nur Jahan — Mughal empress, 22 years older
- Aurangzeb — Mughal emperor, 19 years younger
- Tokugawa Hidetada — second Tokugawa shogun, who locked in the house's grip on the daimyo, 20 years older
Americas
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz — Mexican poet and nun, 49 years younger
- Samuel de Champlain — French explorer, 32 years older
- Pocahontas — Powhatan chief's daughter, 3 years older
- Inca Garcilaso de la Vega — chronicler, son of a conquistador and an Inca princess, 60 years older
Oceania
- Abel Tasman — Dutch navigator, 4 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1600 Battle of Sekigahara — aged 1, Asia
- 1600 Eruption of Huaynaputina — aged 1, Americas
- 1600 East India Company founded — aged 1, Europe
- c. 1605–1694 Quilombo of Palmares — aged 6, Americas
- 1607 Founding of Jamestown — aged 8, Americas
- 1609 Jesuit reductions among the Guaraní — aged 10, Americas
- 1610 Galileo's telescopic discoveries — aged 11, Europe
- 1612 Minin and Pozharsky liberate Moscow — aged 13, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1613 Election of Michael Romanov as Tsar — aged 14, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1618–1648 Thirty Years' War — aged 19, Europe
- 1624–1663 Nzinga becomes Queen of Ndongo — aged 25, Africa
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal — aged 33, Asia
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — aged 45, Asia
- 1648 Peace of Westphalia — aged 49, Europe
- 1649 Execution of Charles I of England — aged 50, Europe
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — aged 55, Eastern Europe & Russia