Peace of Westphalia
The Thirty Years' War ends and state sovereignty is born
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Treaties signed at Münster and Osnabrück ended the devastating Thirty Years' War. Dutch and Swiss independence was recognised, and the principle of state sovereignty became the basis of the European international order.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — 6 years later
Africa
- 1624–1663 Nzinga becomes Queen of Ndongo — 24 years earlier
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — 14 years later
Asia
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal — 16 years earlier
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — 4 years earlier
Alive at the time
- René Descartes (aged 52)
- Rembrandt (aged 42)
- Louis XIV (aged 10)
- Isaac Newton (aged 5)
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba (aged 65)
- Shah Jahan (aged 56)
- Oliver Cromwell (aged 49)
- Charles I (aged 48)
- Tokugawa Iemitsu (aged 44)
- Aurangzeb (aged 30)