Thirty Years' War
A religious conflict ends in a system of sovereign states
Beginning with the Defenestration of Prague as a Protestant–Catholic conflict within the Holy Roman Empire, the war drew in almost every European power. Germany lost perhaps a third of its population; the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 founded the modern system of sovereign states.
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Five years after the Romanovs came to power (1613), the Thirty Years' War broke out in Europe.
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1598–1613 Time of Troubles — 20 years earlier
- 1612 Minin and Pozharsky liberate Moscow — 6 years earlier
- 1613 Election of Michael Romanov as Tsar — 5 years earlier
Africa
- 1624–1663 Nzinga becomes Queen of Ndongo — 6 years later
Asia
- 1600 Battle of Sekigahara — 18 years earlier
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal — 14 years later
Americas
- 1600 Eruption of Huaynaputina — 18 years earlier
- c. 1605–1694 Quilombo of Palmares — 13 years earlier
- 1607 Founding of Jamestown — 11 years earlier
- 1609 Jesuit reductions among the Guaraní — 9 years earlier
Alive at the time
- Galileo Galilei (aged 54)
- René Descartes (aged 22)
- Rembrandt (aged 12)
- James I (aged 52)
- Johannes Kepler (aged 47)
- Abbas the Great (aged 47)
- Nur Jahan (aged 41)
- Ferdinand II (aged 40)
- Tokugawa Hidetada (aged 39)
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba (aged 35)