Abdul Hamid I
1725 – 1789 · 64 years · Istanbul · Middle East
Reign: 1774 – 1789 (Ottoman Empire)
Right after his accession he signed the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774), recognising Crimean independence; Russia annexed the peninsula in 1783. He died in the midst of a new war with Russia and Austria.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 18th century
Portrait: Attribué à Ferdinando Tonioli · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 31 years older
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe — German poet and thinker, 24 years younger
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart — Austrian composer, 31 years younger
- Johann Sebastian Bach — German composer and organist, 40 years older
- Napoleon Bonaparte — Emperor of the French, 44 years younger
- Ludwig van Beethoven — German composer, 45 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Catherine the Great — Empress of Russia, 4 years younger
- Mikhail Lomonosov — Russian polymath, 14 years older
- Alexander Suvorov — Russian generalissimo, 5 years younger
- Leonhard Euler — Swiss mathematician, 18 years older
- Mikhail Kutuzov — Russian field marshal, 20 years younger
- Elizabeth — empress who founded Moscow University, 16 years older
Middle East
- Nader Shah — Shah of Iran and conqueror, 37 years older
- Ahmed III — sultan of the 'Tulip Era', 52 years older
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab — Islamic religious reformer, 22 years older
- Mustafa III — sultan who lost the war to Catherine II, 8 years older
- Osman III — sultan who spent 50 years in the 'cage', 26 years older
- Mahmud I — sultan who regained Belgrade by the 1739 peace, 29 years older
Africa
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt — ruler of Egypt, 44 years younger
- Usman dan Fodio — founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, 29 years younger
- Ranavalona I — Queen of Madagascar, 53 years younger
Asia
- Qianlong Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 14 years older
- Tipu Sultan — ruler of Mysore, 26 years younger
- Katsushika Hokusai — Japanese artist, 35 years younger
- Tokugawa Yoshimune — reforming shogun who allowed Western books, 41 years older
- Tokugawa Ienari — longest-serving shogun, for half a century, 48 years younger
- Tokugawa Ieharu — shogun of the Tanuma era and the Tenmei famine, 12 years younger
Americas
- Benjamin Franklin — American scientist and statesman, 19 years older
- George Washington — first President of the United States, 7 years younger
- Thomas Jefferson — third President of the United States, 18 years younger
- Toussaint Louverture — leader of the Haitian Revolution, 18 years younger
- Túpac Amaru II — leader of an Andean uprising, 13 years younger
- Andrew Jackson — 7th US president, the Trail of Tears and the Jacksonian era, 42 years younger
Oceania
- James Cook — British navigator, 3 years younger
- Tupaia — Tahitian navigator and priest, born the same year
- Kamehameha I — first King of Hawaii, 33 years younger
- Arthur Phillip — first Governor of New South Wales, 13 years younger
- Bennelong — Aboriginal intermediary, 39 years younger
- Hongi Hika — Ngāpuhi Māori chief, 47 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state — aged 22, Middle East
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake — aged 30, Europe
- 1756–1763 Seven Years' War — aged 31, Europe
- 1757 Battle of Plassey — aged 32, Asia
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution — aged 35, Europe
- 1762 Accession of Catherine the Great — aged 37, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1764 Founding of the Hermitage — aged 39, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1768–1771 Cook's first voyage — aged 43, Oceania
- c. 1768 Extinction of Steller's sea cow — aged 43, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1769 Watt's steam engine — aged 44, Europe
- 1772–1795 Partitions of Poland — aged 47, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence — aged 51, Americas
- 1783–1784 Laki eruption — aged 58, Europe
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783) — aged 58, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1783 First manned balloon flight — aged 58, Europe
- 1787 US Constitution — aged 62, Americas
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — aged 63, Oceania
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — aged 64, Europe
- 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen — aged 64, Europe