Partitions of Poland
Three neighbors carve up the state until Poland vanishes

In 1772, 1793 and 1795 Russia, Prussia and Austria divided the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among themselves. The state vanished from the map; Russia gained Lithuania, Belarus and right-bank Ukraine.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 18th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake — 17 years earlier
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution — 12 years earlier
- 1769 Watt's steam engine — 3 years earlier
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — 17 years later
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination — 24 years later
Middle East
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state — 25 years earlier
Asia
- 1757 Battle of Plassey — 15 years earlier
Americas
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence — 4 years later
- 1787 US Constitution — 15 years later
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — 19 years later
Oceania
- 1768–1771 Cook's first voyage — 4 years earlier
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — 16 years later
Alive at the time
- Voltaire (aged 78)
- Benjamin Franklin (aged 66)
- James Cook (aged 44)
- Catherine the Great (aged 43)
- George Washington (aged 40)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (aged 23)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (aged 16)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (aged 3)
- Ludwig van Beethoven (aged 2)
- Carl Linnaeus (aged 65)