Frederick II
1194 – 1250 · 56 years · Palermo · Europe
Reign: 1215 – 1250 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
Barbarossa's grandson, raised in Palermo: he spoke several languages, wrote a treatise on falconry and founded the University of Naples (1224). In 1229 he regained Jerusalem by treaty with Sultan al-Kamil, and feuded with the popes all his life.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 13th century
Portrait: Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Saint Louis (Louis IX) — crusader king canonised as a saint, 20 years younger
- Francis of Assisi — saint, founder of the Franciscans, 12 years older
- Rudolf I — first Habsburg king, who won Austria for his house, 24 years younger
- Philip II Augustus — king who took Normandy from the Plantagenets, 29 years older
- Thomas Aquinas — theologian and philosopher, 31 years younger
- John Lackland — King of England who sealed Magna Carta, 28 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Alexander Nevsky — Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince, 27 years younger
- Vsevolod the Big Nest — grand prince under whom Vladimir became the strongest power in Rus, 40 years older
- Yaroslav II of Vladimir — first Russian prince to receive a patent to rule from the Horde, 3 years older
- Yuri II of Vladimir — grand prince of Vladimir killed fighting the Mongols on the Sit, 5 years older
Middle East
- Rumi — Sufi poet, 13 years younger
- Tamar of Georgia — Queen of Georgia, 28 years older
Africa
- Sundiata Keita — founder of the Mali Empire, 23 years younger
- Maimonides — philosopher, rabbi and physician, 56 years older
Asia
- Kublai Khan — Great Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty, 21 years younger
- Genghis Khan — founder of the Mongol Empire, 32 years older
- Razia Sultana — Sultan of Delhi, 11 years younger
- Jayavarman VII — King of the Khmer Empire, 72 years older
The world in their lifetime
- 1202 Fibonacci's Liber Abaci — aged 8, Europe
- 1204 Sack of Constantinople — aged 10, Europe
- 1206 Temüjin proclaimed Genghis Khan — aged 12, Asia
- 1206 Founding of the Delhi Sultanate — aged 12, Asia
- 1215 Magna Carta — aged 21, Europe
- 1223 Battle of the Kalka River — aged 29, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1237–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus' — aged 43, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1240 Batu Khan takes Kiev — aged 46, Eastern Europe & Russia
- c. 1242 The Golden Horde is founded — aged 48, Eastern Europe & Russia
- c. 1250 The moai of Easter Island — aged 56, Oceania