Rudolf I
1218 – 1291 · 73 years · Vienna · Europe
Reign: 1273 – 1291 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
A Swabian count whose election in 1273 ended the Interregnum. In 1278 he defeated King Ottokar II of Bohemia on the Marchfeld and gave Austria to his sons, making Vienna the Habsburg home for six centuries.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 13th century
Portrait: Antoni Boys · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Dante Alighieri — poet, author of the Divine Comedy, 47 years younger
- Saint Louis (Louis IX) — crusader king canonised as a saint, 4 years older
- Edward I Longshanks — conqueror of Wales, called the Hammer of the Scots, 21 years younger
- Thomas Aquinas — theologian and philosopher, 7 years younger
- Frederick II — "Wonder of the World", polyglot emperor who regained Jerusalem without a fight, 24 years older
- Philip IV the Fair — king who destroyed the Knights Templar, 50 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Alexander Nevsky — Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince, 3 years younger
- Daniel of Moscow — first prince of Moscow, founder of the Moscow line of the Rurikids, 43 years younger
- Yaroslav II of Vladimir — first Russian prince to receive a patent to rule from the Horde, 27 years older
- Yuri II of Vladimir — grand prince of Vladimir killed fighting the Mongols on the Sit, 29 years older
- Yury of Moscow — first Moscow prince to become grand prince of Vladimir, 63 years younger
Middle East
Africa
- Sundiata Keita — founder of the Mali Empire, 1 year older
- Mansa Musa — ruler of the Mali Empire, 62 years younger
Asia
- Kublai Khan — Great Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty, 3 years older
- Marco Polo — Venetian traveller, 36 years younger
- Razia Sultana — Sultan of Delhi, 13 years older
The world in their lifetime
- 1223 Battle of the Kalka River — aged 5, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1237–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus' — aged 19, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1240 Batu Khan takes Kiev — aged 22, Eastern Europe & Russia
- c. 1242 The Golden Horde is founded — aged 24, Eastern Europe & Russia
- c. 1250 The moai of Easter Island — aged 32, Oceania
- c. 1251 The Tripitaka Koreana — aged 33, Asia
- 1257 Samalas eruption — aged 39, Asia
- 1258 Mongol sack of Baghdad — aged 40, Middle East
- 1271 Kublai Khan founds the Yuan dynasty — aged 53, Asia
- 1271–1295 Travels of Marco Polo — aged 53, Asia
- c. 1280 Polynesians settle New Zealand — aged 62, Oceania
- 1281 Kamikaze, the divine wind — aged 63, Asia