Rupert of the Palatinate
1352 – 1410 · 58 years · Heidelberg · Europe
Reign: 1400 – 1410 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
Count palatine of the Rhine, elected king in 1400. His 1401–1402 Italian campaign against Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan failed, he never won the imperial crown and ruled from Heidelberg.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 14th century
Portrait: Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Johannes Gutenberg — inventor of the printing press, 48 years younger
- Sigismund — emperor of the Council of Constance that ended the Schism and burned Hus, 16 years younger
- Richard II — boy king who faced down the Peasants' Revolt and was deposed by his cousin, 15 years younger
- Charles IV — emperor who made Prague an imperial capital and issued the Golden Bull, 36 years older
- Edward III — king who began the Hundred Years' War and won at Crécy, 40 years older
- Henry V — victor of Agincourt who became heir to the French crown, 34 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Andrei Rublev — icon painter, 8 years younger
- Sergius of Radonezh — saint and abbot, 38 years older
- Dmitry Donskoy — Grand Prince of Moscow, 2 years older
- Vasily I — grand prince who annexed Nizhny Novgorod, 19 years younger
Middle East
- Bayezid I the Thunderbolt — sultan defeated and captured by Timur at Ankara, 8 years younger
- Murad I — sultan who took Adrianople and fell at Kosovo, 26 years older
- Orhan — bey who took Bursa and led the Ottomans into Europe, 71 years older
- Hafez — Persian poet, 27 years older
- Mehmed I Çelebi — sultan who reunited the realm after Timur, 37 years younger
Africa
- Ibn Khaldun — historian and thinker, 20 years older
- Ibn Battuta — traveller, 48 years older
Asia
- Timur — emir and conqueror, 16 years older
- Ashikaga Yoshimitsu — shogun who reunited the two imperial courts and built Kinkaku-ji, 6 years younger
- Zheng He — admiral and explorer, 19 years younger
- Sejong the Great — King of Joseon Korea, 45 years younger
- Ashikaga Yoshimochi — shogun who broke off tributary trade with Ming China, 34 years younger
- Ulugh Beg — ruler and astronomer, 42 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1368 Founding of the Ming dynasty — aged 16, Asia
- 1370 Timur makes Samarkand his capital — aged 18, Asia
- 1377 Jikji, printed with movable metal type — aged 25, Asia
- 1380 Battle of Kulikovo — aged 28, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1385 Union of Krewo — aged 33, Europe
- 1392 Founding of Joseon — aged 40, Asia
- c. 1400 Founding of Malacca — aged 48, Asia
- 1405–1433 Voyages of Zheng He — aged 53, Asia
- 1410 Battle of Grunwald — aged 58, Eastern Europe & Russia