Louis XVIII
1755 – 1824 · 69 years · Paris · Europe
Reign: 1814 – 1824 (Franks and France)
He spent more than twenty years in exile. Returning in 1814, he granted the Charter, a constitution; during Napoleon’s Hundred Days he fled to Ghent, returning after Waterloo.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 18th century
Portrait: Unidentified painter · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe — German poet and thinker, 6 years older
- Ludwig van Beethoven — German composer, 15 years younger
- Napoleon Bonaparte — Emperor of the French, 14 years younger
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart — Austrian composer, 1 year younger
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 61 years older
- Charles Darwin — naturalist, author of evolutionary theory, 54 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Catherine the Great — Empress of Russia, 26 years older
- Alexander Pushkin — Russian poet, 44 years younger
- Mikhail Lomonosov — Russian polymath, 44 years older
- Mikhail Kutuzov — Russian field marshal, 10 years older
- Alexander I — emperor who defeated Napoleon, 22 years younger
- Paul I — emperor who reformed the succession law, killed by conspirators, 1 year older
Middle East
- Mahmud II — sultan who destroyed the Janissaries, 30 years younger
- Selim III — reforming Ottoman sultan, 6 years younger
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab — Islamic religious reformer, 52 years older
- Abdul Hamid I — sultan of the Küçük Kaynarca peace and the loss of Crimea, 30 years older
- Mustafa IV — sultan who overthrew the reformer Selim III, 24 years younger
- Mustafa III — sultan who lost the war to Catherine II, 38 years older
Africa
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt — ruler of Egypt, 14 years younger
- Shaka — King of the Zulu, 32 years younger
- David Livingstone — explorer of Africa and missionary, 58 years younger
- Usman dan Fodio — founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, 1 year older
- Ranavalona I — Queen of Madagascar, 23 years younger
- Moshoeshoe I — founder of Lesotho, 31 years younger
Asia
- Katsushika Hokusai — Japanese artist, 5 years younger
- Tokugawa Ienari — longest-serving shogun, for half a century, 18 years younger
- Qianlong Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 44 years older
- Tipu Sultan — ruler of Mysore, 4 years older
- Tokugawa Ieharu — shogun of the Tanuma era and the Tenmei famine, 18 years older
- Tokugawa Ieyoshi — shogun who died just after the Black Ships arrived, 38 years younger
Americas
- George Washington — first President of the United States, 23 years older
- Simón Bolívar — liberator of South America, 28 years younger
- Benjamin Franklin — American scientist and statesman, 49 years older
- Abraham Lincoln — 16th President of the United States, 54 years younger
- Thomas Jefferson — third President of the United States, 12 years older
- Andrew Jackson — 7th US president, the Trail of Tears and the Jacksonian era, 12 years younger
Oceania
- James Cook — British navigator, 27 years older
- Kamehameha I — first King of Hawaii, 3 years younger
- Tupaia — Tahitian navigator and priest, 30 years older
- Arthur Phillip — first Governor of New South Wales, 17 years older
- Hongi Hika — Ngāpuhi Māori chief, 17 years younger
- Bennelong — Aboriginal intermediary, 9 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake — aged 0, Europe
- 1756–1763 Seven Years' War — aged 1, Europe
- 1757 Battle of Plassey — aged 2, Asia
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution — aged 5, Europe
- 1762 Accession of Catherine the Great — aged 7, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1764 Founding of the Hermitage — aged 9, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1768–1771 Cook's first voyage — aged 13, Oceania
- c. 1768 Extinction of Steller's sea cow — aged 13, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1769 Watt's steam engine — aged 14, Europe
- 1772–1795 Partitions of Poland — aged 17, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence — aged 21, Americas
- 1783–1784 Laki eruption — aged 28, Europe
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783) — aged 28, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1783 First manned balloon flight — aged 28, Europe
- 1787 US Constitution — aged 32, Americas
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — aged 33, Oceania
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — aged 34, Europe
- 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen — aged 34, Europe
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — aged 36, Americas
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination — aged 41, Europe
- 1798 Battle of the Pyramids — aged 43, Africa
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase — aged 48, Americas
- 1804 Coronation of Napoleon — aged 49, Europe
- 1804–1813 First Serbian Uprising — aged 49, Europe
- 1804–1903 Usman dan Fodio's jihad and the Sokoto Caliphate — aged 49, Africa
- 1805–1848 Muhammad Ali becomes ruler of Egypt — aged 50, Africa
- 1805 Battle of Trafalgar — aged 50, Europe
- 1810–1826 Spanish American wars of independence — aged 55, Americas
- 1812 Napoleon's invasion of Russia — aged 57, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna — aged 59, Europe
- 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora — aged 60, Asia
- 1815 Battle of Waterloo — aged 60, Europe
- 1816 Year Without a Summer — aged 61, Europe
- 1817–1824 First cholera pandemic — aged 62, Asia
- 1817 San Martín's Crossing of the Andes — aged 62, Americas
- 1819 Raffles founds modern Singapore — aged 64, Asia
- 1822 Independence of Brazil — aged 67, Americas