Napoleon's invasion of Russia
The Grande Armée takes Moscow, then perishes in retreat

In June 1812 Napoleon's Grande Armée crossed the Neman. After the Battle of Borodino the French took Moscow but, failing to force peace, retreated, and by year's end the army was almost destroyed. The campaign turned the tide of the Napoleonic Wars.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — 23 years earlier
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination — 16 years earlier
- 1804 Coronation of Napoleon — 8 years earlier
- 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna — 2 years later
- 1815 Battle of Waterloo — 3 years later
Middle East
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay — 16 years later
Africa
- 1798 Battle of the Pyramids — 14 years earlier
- 1804–1903 Usman dan Fodio's jihad and the Sokoto Caliphate — 8 years earlier
- 1805–1848 Muhammad Ali becomes ruler of Egypt — 7 years earlier
- c. 1835–1846 The Great Trek — 23 years later
Asia
- 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora — 3 years later
- 1817–1824 First cholera pandemic — 5 years later
- 1819 Raffles founds modern Singapore — 7 years later
- c. 1831 Hokusai's Great Wave off Kanagawa — 19 years later
Americas
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — 21 years earlier
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase — 9 years earlier
- 1810–1826 Spanish American wars of independence — 2 years earlier
- 1817 San Martín's Crossing of the Andes — 5 years later
- 1822 Independence of Brazil — 10 years later
Oceania
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — 24 years earlier
Alive at the time
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (aged 63)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (aged 43)
- Ludwig van Beethoven (aged 42)
- Simón Bolívar (aged 29)
- Alexander Pushkin (aged 13)
- Charles Darwin (aged 3)
- Abraham Lincoln (aged 3)
- James Watt (aged 76)
- George III (aged 74)
- Thomas Jefferson (aged 69)