Muhammad Ali becomes ruler of Egypt
An Albanian officer turns Egypt into a regional power
In 1805 Muhammad Ali, commander of an Albanian unit of the Ottoman army, became governor of Egypt. In 1811 he massacred the Mamluk elite at a feast in the Cairo Citadel, then launched a modernisation drive: factories, cotton, a European-style army, students sent to France. His dynasty ruled Egypt until the revolution of 1952.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — 16 years earlier
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination — 9 years earlier
- 1804 Coronation of Napoleon — 1 year earlier
- 1805 Battle of Trafalgar — same year
- 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna — 9 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783) — 22 years earlier
- 1812 Napoleon's invasion of Russia — 7 years later
Middle East
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay — 23 years later
Asia
- 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora — 10 years later
- 1817–1824 First cholera pandemic — 12 years later
- 1819 Raffles founds modern Singapore — 14 years later
Americas
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — 14 years earlier
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase — 2 years earlier
- 1810–1826 Spanish American wars of independence — 5 years later
- 1817 San Martín's Crossing of the Andes — 12 years later
- 1822 Independence of Brazil — 17 years later
Oceania
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — 17 years earlier
Alive at the time
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (aged 56)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (aged 36)
- Ludwig van Beethoven (aged 35)
- Simón Bolívar (aged 22)
- Alexander Pushkin (aged 6)
- James Watt (aged 69)
- George III (aged 67)
- Thomas Jefferson (aged 62)
- Mikhail Kutuzov (aged 60)
- Louis XVIII (aged 50)