Usman dan Fodio's jihad and the Sokoto Caliphate
A Fulani preacher builds West Africa's largest state
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In 1804 the Fulani scholar Usman dan Fodio declared jihad on the rulers of the Hausa cities, accusing them of extortion and straying from Islam. Within a few years his followers had united more than 30 emirates into the Sokoto Caliphate, one of 19th-century Africa's largest states. Britain conquered it in 1903, but the Sultan of Sokoto remains the spiritual leader of Nigeria's Muslims.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — 15 years earlier
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination — 8 years earlier
- 1804 Coronation of Napoleon — same year
- 1804–1813 First Serbian Uprising — same year
- 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna — 10 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783) — 21 years earlier
- 1812 Napoleon's invasion of Russia — 8 years later
Middle East
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay — 24 years later
Asia
- 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora — 11 years later
- 1817–1824 First cholera pandemic — 13 years later
- 1819 Raffles founds modern Singapore — 15 years later
Americas
- 1787 US Constitution — 17 years earlier
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — 13 years earlier
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase — 1 year earlier
- 1810–1826 Spanish American wars of independence — 6 years later
- 1817 San Martín's Crossing of the Andes — 13 years later
Oceania
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — 16 years earlier
Alive at the time
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (aged 55)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (aged 35)
- Ludwig van Beethoven (aged 34)
- Simón Bolívar (aged 21)
- Alexander Pushkin (aged 5)
- Immanuel Kant (aged 80)
- James Watt (aged 68)
- George III (aged 66)
- Thomas Jefferson (aged 61)
- Mikhail Kutuzov (aged 59)