Immanuel Kant
1724 – 1804 · 80 years · Königsberg · Europe
Founder of German classical philosophy, author of the Critique of Pure Reason and the categorical imperative. Rarely left Königsberg.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 18th century
Portrait: Becker · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe — German poet and thinker, 25 years younger
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 30 years older
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart — Austrian composer, 32 years younger
- Napoleon Bonaparte — Emperor of the French, 45 years younger
- Ludwig van Beethoven — German composer, 46 years younger
- Johann Sebastian Bach — German composer and organist, 39 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Catherine the Great — Empress of Russia, 5 years younger
- Mikhail Lomonosov — Russian polymath, 13 years older
- Alexander Suvorov — Russian generalissimo, 6 years younger
- Leonhard Euler — Swiss mathematician, 17 years older
- Mikhail Kutuzov — Russian field marshal, 21 years younger
- Paul I — emperor who reformed the succession law, killed by conspirators, 30 years younger
Middle East
- Nader Shah — Shah of Iran and conqueror, 36 years older
- Mahmud II — sultan who destroyed the Janissaries, 61 years younger
- Ahmed III — sultan of the 'Tulip Era', 51 years older
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab — Islamic religious reformer, 21 years older
- Abdul Hamid I — sultan of the Küçük Kaynarca peace and the loss of Crimea, 1 year younger
- Mustafa III — sultan who lost the war to Catherine II, 7 years older
Africa
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt — ruler of Egypt, 45 years younger
- Shaka — King of the Zulu, 63 years younger
- Usman dan Fodio — founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, 30 years younger
- Ranavalona I — Queen of Madagascar, 54 years younger
- Moshoeshoe I — founder of Lesotho, 62 years younger
Asia
- Qianlong Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 13 years older
- Tipu Sultan — ruler of Mysore, 27 years younger
- Katsushika Hokusai — Japanese artist, 36 years younger
- Tokugawa Ienari — longest-serving shogun, for half a century, 49 years younger
- Tokugawa Yoshimune — reforming shogun who allowed Western books, 40 years older
- Tokugawa Ieharu — shogun of the Tanuma era and the Tenmei famine, 13 years younger
Americas
- George Washington — first President of the United States, 8 years younger
- Benjamin Franklin — American scientist and statesman, 18 years older
- Simón Bolívar — liberator of South America, 59 years younger
- Thomas Jefferson — third President of the United States, 19 years younger
- Toussaint Louverture — leader of the Haitian Revolution, 19 years younger
- Túpac Amaru II — leader of an Andean uprising, 14 years younger
Oceania
- James Cook — British navigator, 4 years younger
- Kamehameha I — first King of Hawaii, 34 years younger
- Tupaia — Tahitian navigator and priest, 1 year younger
- Arthur Phillip — first Governor of New South Wales, 14 years younger
- Bennelong — Aboriginal intermediary, 40 years younger
- Hongi Hika — Ngāpuhi Māori chief, 48 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state — aged 23, Middle East
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake — aged 31, Europe
- 1756–1763 Seven Years' War — aged 32, Europe
- 1757 Battle of Plassey — aged 33, Asia
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution — aged 36, Europe
- 1762 Accession of Catherine the Great — aged 38, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1764 Founding of the Hermitage — aged 40, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1768–1771 Cook's first voyage — aged 44, Oceania
- c. 1768 Extinction of Steller's sea cow — aged 44, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1769 Watt's steam engine — aged 45, Europe
- 1772–1795 Partitions of Poland — aged 48, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence — aged 52, Americas
- 1783–1784 Laki eruption — aged 59, Europe
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783) — aged 59, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1783 First manned balloon flight — aged 59, Europe
- 1787 US Constitution — aged 63, Americas
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — aged 64, Oceania
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — aged 65, Europe
- 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen — aged 65, Europe
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — aged 67, Americas
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination — aged 72, Europe
- 1798 Battle of the Pyramids — aged 74, Africa
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase — aged 79, Americas
- 1804 Coronation of Napoleon — aged 80, Europe
- 1804–1813 First Serbian Uprising — aged 80, Europe
- 1804–1903 Usman dan Fodio's jihad and the Sokoto Caliphate — aged 80, Africa