Ferdinand III
1608 – 1657 · 49 years · Vienna · Europe
Reign: 1637 – 1657 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
Son of Ferdinand II, nominal commander of the imperial victory at Nördlingen in 1634. Inheriting a war-ravaged empire, he accepted the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which entrenched the independence of the German princes; he also composed music.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Portrait: Frans Luycx · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Rembrandt — Dutch painter, 2 years older
- René Descartes — French philosopher and mathematician, 12 years older
- Galileo Galilei — Italian physicist and astronomer, 44 years older
- Louis XIV — King of France, the Sun King, 30 years younger
- Isaac Newton — English physicist and mathematician, 35 years younger
- Oliver Cromwell — Lord Protector of England, 9 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Michael I — first tsar of the Romanov dynasty, 12 years older
- Alexis the Most Quiet — tsar of the 1649 Law Code and the church schism, 21 years younger
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky — Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, 13 years older
- Dmitry Pozharsky — prince and militia leader, 30 years older
Middle East
- Murad IV — sultan who retook Baghdad and banned tobacco, 4 years younger
- Abbas the Great — Safavid Shah of Iran, 37 years older
- Evliya Çelebi — Ottoman traveller, 3 years younger
- Kösem Sultan — Ottoman queen mother, 19 years older
- Ibrahim the Mad — sultan nicknamed 'the Mad', 7 years younger
- Mustafa I — mentally unstable sultan enthroned twice, 8 years older
Africa
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba — Queen of Ndongo and Matamba, 25 years older
- Fasilides — Emperor of Ethiopia, 5 years older
- Ahmed Baba — Timbuktu scholar, 52 years older
- Moulay Ismail — Sultan of Morocco, 37 years younger
Asia
- Shah Jahan — Mughal emperor, 16 years older
- Tokugawa Iemitsu — shogun who closed Japan to the Europeans, 4 years older
- Aurangzeb — Mughal emperor, 10 years younger
- Nur Jahan — Mughal empress, 31 years older
- Shivaji — founder of the Maratha state, 22 years younger
- Tokugawa Hidetada — second Tokugawa shogun, who locked in the house's grip on the daimyo, 29 years older
Americas
- Samuel de Champlain — French explorer, 41 years older
Oceania
- Abel Tasman — Dutch navigator, 5 years older
The world in their lifetime
- 1609 Jesuit reductions among the Guaraní — aged 1, Americas
- 1610 Galileo's telescopic discoveries — aged 2, Europe
- 1612 Minin and Pozharsky liberate Moscow — aged 4, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1613 Election of Michael Romanov as Tsar — aged 5, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1618–1648 Thirty Years' War — aged 10, Europe
- 1624–1663 Nzinga becomes Queen of Ndongo — aged 16, Africa
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal — aged 24, Asia
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — aged 36, Asia
- 1648 Peace of Westphalia — aged 40, Europe
- 1649 Execution of Charles I of England — aged 41, Europe
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — aged 46, Eastern Europe & Russia