Leopold I
1640 – 1705 · 65 years · Vienna · Europe
Reign: 1658 – 1705 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
In 1683 Vienna, besieged by Kara Mustafa's army, was relieved by Jan Sobieski. The ensuing Great Turkish War ended with the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, which gave the Habsburgs almost all of Hungary; late in life he began the War of the Spanish Succession.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Portrait: Benjamin Block · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Louis XIV — King of France, the Sun King, 2 years older
- Isaac Newton — English physicist and mathematician, 3 years younger
- Rembrandt — Dutch painter, 34 years older
- Johann Sebastian Bach — German composer and organist, 45 years younger
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 54 years younger
- René Descartes — French philosopher and mathematician, 44 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Peter the Great — first Emperor of Russia, 32 years younger
- Alexis the Most Quiet — tsar of the 1649 Law Code and the church schism, 11 years older
- Vitus Bering — Danish explorer in Russian service, 41 years younger
- Catherine I — first Russian empress, widow of Peter the Great, 44 years younger
- Anna — empress who tore up the Conditions; era of Biron's dominance, 53 years younger
- Feodor III — tsar who abolished the precedence system (mestnichestvo), 21 years younger
Middle East
- Ahmed III — sultan of the 'Tulip Era', 33 years younger
- Nader Shah — Shah of Iran and conqueror, 48 years younger
- Ahmed II — sultan who lost the Battle of Slankamen, 3 years younger
- Mehmed IV the Hunter — sultan of the Köprülü era and the siege of Vienna, 2 years younger
- Suleiman II — sultan who retook Belgrade after 39 years in the 'cage', 2 years younger
- Evliya Çelebi — Ottoman traveller, 29 years older
Africa
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba — Queen of Ndongo and Matamba, 57 years older
- Moulay Ismail — Sultan of Morocco, 5 years younger
- Osei Tutu I — founder of the Ashanti Empire, 20 years younger
- Fasilides — Emperor of Ethiopia, 37 years older
- Kimpa Vita — Kongolese prophet, 44 years younger
Asia
- Kangxi Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 14 years younger
- Aurangzeb — Mughal emperor, 22 years older
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi — the 'Dog Shogun' who outlawed cruelty to animals, 6 years younger
- Matsuo Bashō — Japanese poet, 4 years younger
- Shivaji — founder of the Maratha state, 10 years older
- Shah Jahan — Mughal emperor, 48 years older
Americas
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz — Mexican poet and nun, 8 years younger
Oceania
- Abel Tasman — Dutch navigator, 37 years older
The world in their lifetime
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — aged 4, Asia
- 1648 Peace of Westphalia — aged 8, Europe
- 1649 Execution of Charles I of England — aged 9, Europe
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — aged 14, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — aged 22, Africa
- 1676 Leeuwenhoek sees microbes — aged 36, Europe
- 1682 Accession of Peter the Great — aged 42, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1683 Battle of Vienna — aged 43, Europe
- 1687 Newton's Principia — aged 47, Europe
- 1688–1689 Glorious Revolution — aged 48, Europe
- 1703 Founding of Saint Petersburg — aged 63, Eastern Europe & Russia