Charles I of Austria
1887 – 1922 · 35 years · Vienna · Europe
Reign: 1916 – 1918 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
Grand-nephew of Franz Joseph, he came to the throne in 1916. He secretly sought a separate peace through his brother-in-law Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, withdrew from government in November 1918, twice tried to regain the Hungarian throne and died in exile on Madeira; he was beatified in 2004.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 20th century
Portrait: Wenzl Weis · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Marie Curie — physicist and chemist, twice Nobel laureate, 20 years older
- Winston Churchill — Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 13 years older
- Albert Einstein — physicist, creator of relativity, 8 years older
- Pablo Picasso — painter and sculptor, 6 years older
- Adolf Hitler — dictator of Nazi Germany, 2 years younger
- Queen Victoria — Queen of the United Kingdom, 68 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Vladimir Lenin — revolutionary, head of the Soviet government, 17 years older
- Joseph Stalin — leader of the Soviet Union, 9 years older
- Leo Tolstoy — novelist, 59 years older
- Dmitri Mendeleev — chemist, creator of the periodic table, 53 years older
- Ivan Pavlov — physiologist, Nobel laureate, 38 years older
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky — rocketry and astronautics pioneer, 30 years older
Middle East
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk — founder and first President of Turkey, 6 years older
- Mehmed VI — last Ottoman sultan, 26 years older
- Abdul Hamid II — the 'Red Sultan' who dissolved the first parliament, 45 years older
- Golda Meir — Prime Minister of Israel, 11 years younger
- Mehmed V Reşad — sultan under whom the empire entered World War I, 43 years older
- Umm Kulthum — singer, 11 years younger
Africa
- Haile Selassie — Emperor of Ethiopia, 5 years younger
- Menelik II — Emperor of Ethiopia, 43 years older
- Albert Schweitzer — physician and philosopher, Nobel laureate, 12 years older
- Yaa Asantewaa — Queen Mother of Ejisu, war leader, 47 years older
- Taytu Betul — Empress of Ethiopia, 36 years older
- Léopold Sédar Senghor — poet, first president of Senegal, 19 years younger
Asia
- Mahatma Gandhi — leader of the Indian independence movement, 18 years older
- Mao Zedong — Chairman of the CCP, founder of the PRC, 6 years younger
- Rabindranath Tagore — poet and writer, Nobel laureate, 26 years older
- Sun Yat-sen — revolutionary, founding father of the ROC, 21 years older
- Emperor Taishō — ailing emperor of the 'Taishō democracy' era, 8 years older
- Jawaharlal Nehru — first Prime Minister of India, 2 years younger
Americas
- Thomas Edison — inventor and businessman, 40 years older
- Nikola Tesla — inventor and electrical engineer, 31 years older
- Charlie Chaplin — comic actor and filmmaker, 2 years younger
- Alexander Graham Bell — inventor of the telephone, 40 years older
- Woodrow Wilson — 28th US president, World War I and the League of Nations, 31 years older
- Henry Ford — industrialist, founder of Ford Motor Company, 24 years older
Oceania
- Ernest Rutherford — physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus, 16 years older
- Howard Florey — pharmacologist who made penicillin a drug, 11 years younger
- Kate Sheppard — suffragist, 40 years older
- Nellie Melba — operatic soprano, 26 years older
- Douglas Mawson — geologist and Antarctic explorer, 5 years older
- Katherine Mansfield — short-story writer, 1 year younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1888 Golden Law abolishes slavery in Brazil — aged 1, Americas
- 1889 Eiffel Tower — aged 2, Europe
- 1889 Van Gogh's The Starry Night — aged 2, Europe
- 1891 Discovery of Java Man — aged 4, Asia
- 1893 New Zealand women win the vote — aged 6, Oceania
- 1893 Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom — aged 6, Oceania
- 1894–1895 First Sino-Japanese War — aged 7, Asia
- 1894 Yersin identifies the plague bacterium — aged 7, Asia
- 1895 Discovery of X-rays — aged 8, Europe
- 1895 Popov's radio receiver — aged 8, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1896–1898 Philippine Revolution — aged 9, Asia
- 1897 The British sack Benin City — aged 10, Africa
- 1901 First Nobel Prizes — aged 14, Europe
- 1903 Wright brothers' first flight — aged 16, Americas
- 1904–1908 The Herero and Nama genocide — aged 17, Africa
- 1905 Einstein's miracle year and relativity — aged 18, Europe
- 1905–1907 Russian Revolution of 1905 — aged 18, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1905–1911 Persian Constitutional Revolution — aged 18, Middle East
- 1906 San Francisco earthquake — aged 19, Americas
- 1908 Oil struck at Masjed Soleyman — aged 21, Middle East
- 1908 Tunguska event — aged 21, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1908 Young Turk Revolution — aged 21, Middle East
- 1910–1920 Mexican Revolution — aged 23, Americas
- 1911–1912 Xinhai Revolution — aged 24, Asia
- 1911 Amundsen reaches the South Pole — aged 24, Oceania
- 1912–1913 Balkan Wars — aged 25, Europe
- 1912 The death of Scott's polar party — aged 25, Oceania
- 1913 Ford's moving assembly line — aged 26, Americas
- 1914–1918 World War I — aged 27, Whole world
- 1914 Opening of the Panama Canal — aged 27, Americas
- 1914 Death of Martha, the last passenger pigeon — aged 27, Americas
- 1915 Armenian genocide — aged 28, Middle East
- 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement — aged 29, Middle East
- 1916–1918 The Arab Revolt — aged 29, Middle East
- 1917 October Revolution — aged 30, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1917–1922 Russian Civil War — aged 30, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1917 February Revolution — aged 30, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic — aged 31, Whole world
- 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes — aged 31, Europe
- 1919 Treaty of Versailles — aged 32, Europe