Ferdinand I
1503 – 1564 · 61 years · Vienna · Europe
Reign: 1556 – 1564 (Holy Roman Empire & Austria)
Younger brother of Charles V, king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526. Vienna withstood Suleiman the Magnificent's siege under him in 1529, and in 1555 he concluded the religious Peace of Augsburg on the principle "whose realm, his religion".
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 16th century
Portrait: Didier Descouens · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Michelangelo — sculptor, painter and architect, 28 years older
- Martin Luther — church reformer, 20 years older
- Nicolaus Copernicus — astronomer, 30 years older
- Elizabeth I — Queen of England, 30 years younger
- Miguel de Cervantes — Spanish novelist, 44 years younger
- Leonardo da Vinci — painter, scientist and inventor, 51 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Ivan the Terrible — first Tsar of Russia, 27 years younger
- Yermak Timofeyevich — Cossack conqueror of Siberia, 29 years younger
- Vasily III — grand prince who completed the unification of the Russian lands, 24 years older
- Boris Godunov — Tsar of Russia, 49 years younger
- Vasily Shuisky — boyar tsar of the Time of Troubles who died in Polish captivity, 49 years younger
Middle East
- Suleiman the Magnificent — Ottoman sultan, 9 years older
- Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) — wife of Sultan Suleiman I, 2 years younger
- Selim II — sultan who took Cyprus and lost at Lepanto, 21 years younger
- Selim I the Grim — sultan who took Cairo and Mecca, 33 years older
- Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf — Ottoman astronomer and engineer, 23 years younger
- Murad III — sultan who won the Caucasus from the Safavids, 43 years younger
Africa
- Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi — Adal imam and general, 3 years younger
- Askia Muhammad I — Emperor of Songhai, 60 years older
- Ahmad al-Mansur — Sultan of Morocco, 46 years younger
Asia
- Akbar the Great — Mughal emperor, 39 years younger
- Tokugawa Ieyasu — first Tokugawa shogun, 40 years younger
- Guru Nanak — founder of Sikhism, 34 years older
- Oda Nobunaga — Japanese warlord, 31 years younger
- Babur — founder of the Mughal Empire, 20 years older
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi — unifier of Japan, 34 years younger
Americas
- Bartolomé de las Casas — friar and defender of Native Americans, 19 years older
- Hernán Cortés — conquistador, 18 years older
- Atahualpa — last Inca emperor, 1 year older
- Ferdinand Magellan — navigator, 23 years older
- Moctezuma II — Aztec emperor, 37 years older
- Inca Garcilaso de la Vega — chronicler, son of a conquistador and an Inca princess, 36 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1508–1512 Sistine Chapel ceiling — aged 5, Europe
- 1511 Portuguese capture of Malacca — aged 8, Asia
- 1517 Luther's Ninety-five Theses — aged 14, Europe
- 1519–1522 Magellan's circumnavigation — aged 16, Americas
- 1520–1566 Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent — aged 17, Middle East
- 1521 Fall of Tenochtitlan — aged 18, Americas
- 1526 First Battle of Panipat — aged 23, Asia
- 1526 Battle of Mohács — aged 23, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1529–1543 Ahmad Gragn invades Ethiopia — aged 26, Africa
- 1532 Capture of Atahualpa at Cajamarca — aged 29, Americas
- 1534 Henry VIII breaks with Rome — aged 31, Europe
- 1542 Orellana sails down the Amazon — aged 39, Americas
- 1543 Copernicus publishes heliocentrism — aged 40, Europe
- 1545–1548 Cocoliztli epidemic — aged 42, Americas
- 1547 Ivan IV crowned Tsar — aged 44, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1555–1561 Saint Basil's Cathedral — aged 52, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1556 Shaanxi earthquake — aged 53, Asia
- 1556 Akbar and the Second Battle of Panipat — aged 53, Asia