Babur

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c.1650 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

founder of the Mughal Empire

1483 – 1530 · 47 years · Agra · Asia

Descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan who won at Panipat and founded the Mughal Empire; author of the memoir Baburnama.

Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 16th century

Portrait: c.1650 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Contemporaries around the world

Europe

Nicolaus Copernicus — astronomer, 10 years older
Michelangelo — sculptor, painter and architect, 8 years older
Martin Luther — church reformer, born the same year
Leonardo da Vinci — painter, scientist and inventor, 31 years older
Henry VIII — king of six wives who broke with Rome and created the Church of England, 8 years younger
Maximilian I — "the Last Knight", who raised the Habsburgs through shrewd marriages, 24 years older

Eastern Europe & Russia

Vasily III — grand prince who completed the unification of the Russian lands, 4 years older
Ivan III — Grand Prince of Moscow, 43 years older
Sophia Palaiologina — Grand Princess of Moscow, 28 years older

Middle East

Selim I the Grim — sultan who took Cairo and Mecca, 13 years older
Suleiman the Magnificent — Ottoman sultan, 11 years younger
Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) — wife of Sultan Suleiman I, 22 years younger
Bayezid II — sultan who took in the Jews expelled from Spain, 36 years older

Africa

Askia Muhammad I — Emperor of Songhai, 40 years older
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi — Adal imam and general, 23 years younger

Asia

Guru Nanak — founder of Sikhism, 14 years older
Vasco da Gama — navigator, 14 years older
Ashikaga Yoshitane — shogun who held office twice and was driven out twice, 17 years older
Mirabai — mystic poet, 15 years younger
Ashikaga Yoshizumi — puppet shogun of the Hosokawa clan, 2 years older
Ashikaga Yoshiharu — shogun forever fleeing his own capital, 28 years younger

Americas

Christopher Columbus — navigator, 32 years older
Bartolomé de las Casas — friar and defender of Native Americans, 1 year younger
Hernán Cortés — conquistador, 2 years younger
Ferdinand Magellan — navigator, 3 years older
Moctezuma II — Aztec emperor, 17 years older
Atahualpa — last Inca emperor, 19 years younger

The world in their lifetime

1488 Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope — aged 5, Africa
1492 Columbus reaches the Americas — aged 9, Americas
1492 Fall of Granada — aged 9, Europe
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas — aged 11, Europe
1498 Vasco da Gama reaches India — aged 15, Asia
1501 Founding of Safavid Iran — aged 18, Middle East
1508–1512 Sistine Chapel ceiling — aged 25, Europe
1511 Portuguese capture of Malacca — aged 28, Asia
1517 Luther's Ninety-five Theses — aged 34, Europe
1519–1522 Magellan's circumnavigation — aged 36, Americas
1520–1566 Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent — aged 37, Middle East
1521 Fall of Tenochtitlan — aged 38, Americas
1526 First Battle of Panipat — aged 43, Asia
1526 Battle of Mohács — aged 43, Eastern Europe & Russia
1529–1543 Ahmad Gragn invades Ethiopia — aged 46, Africa