Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
1526 – 1585 · 59 years · Istanbul · Middle East
Founded a major observatory in Istanbul (demolished in 1580), built precise astronomical clocks and described an early steam turbine.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 16th century
Portrait: Ala ad-Din Mansur-Shirazi · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Elizabeth I — Queen of England, 7 years younger
- Michelangelo — sculptor, painter and architect, 51 years older
- Miguel de Cervantes — Spanish novelist, 21 years younger
- William Shakespeare — English playwright and poet, 38 years younger
- Galileo Galilei — Italian physicist and astronomer, 38 years younger
- Martin Luther — church reformer, 43 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Ivan the Terrible — first Tsar of Russia, 4 years younger
- Yermak Timofeyevich — Cossack conqueror of Siberia, 6 years younger
- Boris Godunov — Tsar of Russia, 26 years younger
- Vasily Shuisky — boyar tsar of the Time of Troubles who died in Polish captivity, 26 years younger
- Feodor I — last Rurikid tsar, under whom the Moscow Patriarchate was founded, 31 years younger
Middle East
- Selim II — sultan who took Cyprus and lost at Lepanto, 2 years older
- Suleiman the Magnificent — Ottoman sultan, 32 years older
- Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) — wife of Sultan Suleiman I, 21 years older
- Abbas the Great — Safavid Shah of Iran, 45 years younger
- Murad III — sultan who won the Caucasus from the Safavids, 20 years younger
- Mehmed III — sultan who executed 19 brothers and won at Keresztes, 40 years younger
Africa
- Ahmad al-Mansur — Sultan of Morocco, 23 years younger
- Ahmed Baba — Timbuktu scholar, 30 years younger
- Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi — Adal imam and general, 20 years older
- Askia Muhammad I — Emperor of Songhai, 83 years older
Asia
- Akbar the Great — Mughal emperor, 16 years younger
- Tokugawa Ieyasu — first Tokugawa shogun, 17 years younger
- Oda Nobunaga — Japanese warlord, 8 years younger
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi — unifier of Japan, 11 years younger
- Ashikaga Yoshiaki — last Ashikaga shogun, expelled by Nobunaga, 11 years younger
- Yi Sun-sin — Korean admiral, 19 years younger
Americas
- Bartolomé de las Casas — friar and defender of Native Americans, 42 years older
- Hernán Cortés — conquistador, 41 years older
- Inca Garcilaso de la Vega — chronicler, son of a conquistador and an Inca princess, 13 years younger
- Samuel de Champlain — French explorer, 41 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1526 First Battle of Panipat — aged 0, Asia
- 1526 Battle of Mohács — aged 0, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1529–1543 Ahmad Gragn invades Ethiopia — aged 3, Africa
- 1532 Capture of Atahualpa at Cajamarca — aged 6, Americas
- 1534 Henry VIII breaks with Rome — aged 8, Europe
- 1542 Orellana sails down the Amazon — aged 16, Americas
- 1543 Copernicus publishes heliocentrism — aged 17, Europe
- 1545–1548 Cocoliztli epidemic — aged 19, Americas
- 1547 Ivan IV crowned Tsar — aged 21, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1555–1561 Saint Basil's Cathedral — aged 29, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1556 Shaanxi earthquake — aged 30, Asia
- 1556 Akbar and the Second Battle of Panipat — aged 30, Asia
- 1569 Union of Lublin — aged 43, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1571 Battle of Lepanto — aged 45, Europe
- 1572 St Bartholomew's Day Massacre — aged 46, Europe
- 1582 Gregorian calendar — aged 56, Europe
- 1582 Yermak's conquest of Sibir — aged 56, Eastern Europe & Russia