Gregorian calendar
Ten days vanish from the calendar most of the world now uses

In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII introduced a new calendar: Thursday 4 October was followed directly by Friday 15 October. Protestant countries adopted it gradually, and Russia only in 1918.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 16th century
Did you know
In autumn 1582 Catholic Europe jumped from 4 to 15 October, while Yermak’s Cossacks were marching on the capital of the Khanate of Sibir. Russia adopted the new calendar only in 1918.
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1569 Union of Lublin — 13 years earlier
- 1582 Yermak's conquest of Sibir — same year
- 1598–1613 Time of Troubles — 16 years later
Africa
- 1591 Battle of Tondibi and fall of Songhai — 9 years later
Asia
- 1592–1598 Imjin War — 10 years later
- 1600 Battle of Sekigahara — 18 years later
Americas
- 1600 Eruption of Huaynaputina — 18 years later
- c. 1605–1694 Quilombo of Palmares — 23 years later
- 1607 Founding of Jamestown — 25 years later
Alive at the time
- Ivan the Terrible (aged 52)
- Elizabeth I (aged 49)
- Akbar the Great (aged 40)
- Tokugawa Ieyasu (aged 39)
- Miguel de Cervantes (aged 35)
- William Shakespeare (aged 18)
- Galileo Galilei (aged 18)
- Philip II of Spain (aged 55)
- Yermak Timofeyevich (aged 50)
- Oda Nobunaga (aged 48)