Stephen Báthory
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1533 – 1586 · 53 years · Kraków · Europe
Prince of Transylvania elected to the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1576. Turned the Livonian War against Muscovy, besieged Pskov and founded the Vilnius Academy.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 16th century
Portrait: Wikimedia Commons
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Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Elizabeth I — Queen of England, born the same year
- Miguel de Cervantes — Spanish novelist, 14 years younger
- Michelangelo — sculptor, painter and architect, 58 years older
- William Shakespeare — English playwright and poet, 31 years younger
- Galileo Galilei — Italian physicist and astronomer, 31 years younger
- Martin Luther — church reformer, 50 years older
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Ivan the Terrible — first Tsar of Russia, 3 years older
- Yermak Timofeyevich — Cossack conqueror of Siberia, 1 year older
- Boris Godunov — Tsar of Russia, 19 years younger
- Vasily Shuisky — boyar tsar of the Time of Troubles who died in Polish captivity, 19 years younger
- Feodor I — last Rurikid tsar, under whom the Moscow Patriarchate was founded, 24 years younger
Middle East
- Selim II — sultan who took Cyprus and lost at Lepanto, 9 years older
- Suleiman the Magnificent — Ottoman sultan, 39 years older
- Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) — wife of Sultan Suleiman I, 28 years older
- Abbas the Great — Safavid Shah of Iran, 38 years younger
- Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf — Ottoman astronomer and engineer, 7 years older
- Murad III — sultan who won the Caucasus from the Safavids, 13 years younger
Africa
- Ahmad al-Mansur — Sultan of Morocco, 16 years younger
- Ahmed Baba — Timbuktu scholar, 23 years younger
- Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi — Adal imam and general, 27 years older
Asia
- Akbar the Great — Mughal emperor, 9 years younger
- Tokugawa Ieyasu — first Tokugawa shogun, 10 years younger
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi — unifier of Japan, 4 years younger
- Ashikaga Yoshiaki — last Ashikaga shogun, expelled by Nobunaga, 4 years younger
- Oda Nobunaga — Japanese warlord, 1 year younger
- Yi Sun-sin — Korean admiral, 12 years younger
Americas
- Bartolomé de las Casas — friar and defender of Native Americans, 49 years older
- Hernán Cortés — conquistador, 48 years older
- Inca Garcilaso de la Vega — chronicler, son of a conquistador and an Inca princess, 6 years younger
- Samuel de Champlain — French explorer, 34 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1534 Henry VIII breaks with Rome — aged 1, Europe
- 1542 Orellana sails down the Amazon — aged 9, Americas
- 1543 Copernicus publishes heliocentrism — aged 10, Europe
- 1545–1548 Cocoliztli epidemic — aged 12, Americas
- 1547 Ivan IV crowned Tsar — aged 14, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1555–1561 Saint Basil's Cathedral — aged 22, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1556 Shaanxi earthquake — aged 23, Asia
- 1556 Akbar and the Second Battle of Panipat — aged 23, Asia
- 1569 Union of Lublin — aged 36, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1571 Battle of Lepanto — aged 38, Europe
- 1572 St Bartholomew's Day Massacre — aged 39, Europe
- 1582 Gregorian calendar — aged 49, Europe
- 1582 Yermak's conquest of Sibir — aged 49, Eastern Europe & Russia