English Civil War
A king is executed and England briefly becomes a republic
Charles I's conflict with Parliament turned into war between Cavaliers and Roundheads. Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army won, the king was executed and England briefly became a republic.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — 12 years later
Africa
- 1624–1663 Nzinga becomes Queen of Ndongo — 18 years earlier
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — 20 years later
Asia
- 1632–1653 Building of the Taj Mahal — 10 years earlier
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — 2 years later
Alive at the time
- Galileo Galilei (aged 78)
- René Descartes (aged 46)
- Rembrandt (aged 36)
- Louis XIV (aged 4)
- Nur Jahan (aged 65)
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba (aged 59)
- Shah Jahan (aged 50)
- Michael I (aged 46)
- Oliver Cromwell (aged 43)
- Charles I (aged 42)