1860 conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
Massacres bring French troops and autonomy to Mount Lebanon
In spring 1860 fighting between Druze and Maronite Christians on Mount Lebanon turned into massacres, and in July the violence spread to the Christian quarter of Damascus; thousands died. France landed troops, and in 1861 Mount Lebanon became an autonomous mutasarrifate under a Christian governor.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1845–1852 Great Famine in Ireland — 15 years earlier
- 1859 Darwin's On the Origin of Species — 1 year earlier
- 1861 Unification of Italy — 1 year later
- 1866 Austro-Prussian War — 6 years later
- 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War — 10 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1853–1856 Crimean War — 7 years earlier
- 1858 Treaty of Aigun — 2 years earlier
- 1861 Emancipation of the serfs in Russia — 1 year later
- 1864 End of the Caucasian War and the Circassian expulsion — 4 years later
- 1867 Alaska Purchase — 7 years later
Africa
- c. 1835–1846 The Great Trek — 25 years earlier
- 1847 Liberia declares independence — 13 years earlier
- 1869 Opening of the Suez Canal — 9 years later
- 1879 Battle of Isandlwana — 19 years later
- 1882 Britain occupies Egypt — 22 years later
Asia
- 1853–1854 Commodore Perry's Black Ships — 7 years earlier
- 1856–1860 Second Opium War — 4 years earlier
- 1868 Meiji Restoration — 8 years later
- 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa — 23 years later
- 1885 Founding of the Indian National Congress — 25 years later
Americas
- 1861–1865 American Civil War — 1 year later
- 1863 Emancipation Proclamation — 3 years later
- 1864–1870 Paraguayan War — 4 years later
- 1876 Invention of the telephone — 16 years later
- 1879 Edison's incandescent lamp — 19 years later
Oceania
- 1851 The Australian gold rushes — 9 years earlier
Alive at the time
- Charles Darwin (aged 51)
- Abraham Lincoln (aged 51)
- Karl Marx (aged 42)
- Queen Victoria (aged 41)
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (aged 39)
- Leo Tolstoy (aged 32)
- Dmitri Mendeleev (aged 26)
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (aged 20)
- Thomas Edison (aged 13)
- Vincent van Gogh (aged 7)