Imam Shamil surrenders at Gunib
After 25 years of war with Russia, the Caucasian Imamate falls
From 1834 Imam Shamil led the Caucasian Imamate, a state of the highlanders of Dagestan and Chechnya at war with Russia. In August 1859 (September, New Style) Russian troops under Prince Baryatinsky surrounded him at Gunib and Shamil surrendered; he was given honourable exile in Kaluga.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1845–1852 Great Famine in Ireland — 14 years earlier
- 1848–1849 Revolutions of 1848 — 11 years earlier
- 1859 Darwin's On the Origin of Species — same year
- 1861 Unification of Italy — 2 years later
- 1866 Austro-Prussian War — 7 years later
Middle East
- 1839 The Edict of Gülhane opens the Tanzimat — 20 years earlier
- 1839–1842 First Anglo-Afghan War — 20 years earlier
- 1876–1878 The first Ottoman constitution — 17 years later
- 1879 Baku oil boom and Branobel — 20 years later
Africa
- c. 1835–1846 The Great Trek — 24 years earlier
- 1847 Liberia declares independence — 12 years earlier
- 1869 Opening of the Suez Canal — 10 years later
- 1879 Battle of Isandlwana — 20 years later
- 1882 Britain occupies Egypt — 23 years later
Asia
- 1850–1864 Taiping Rebellion — 9 years earlier
- 1853–1854 Commodore Perry's Black Ships — 6 years earlier
- 1856–1860 Second Opium War — 3 years earlier
- 1868 Meiji Restoration — 9 years later
- 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa — 24 years later
Americas
- 1861–1865 American Civil War — 2 years later
- 1863 Emancipation Proclamation — 4 years later
- 1863 Battle of Gettysburg — 4 years later
- 1876 Invention of the telephone — 17 years later
- 1879 Edison's incandescent lamp — 20 years later
Oceania
- 1851 The Australian gold rushes — 8 years earlier
Alive at the time
- Charles Darwin (aged 50)
- Abraham Lincoln (aged 50)
- Karl Marx (aged 41)
- Queen Victoria (aged 40)
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (aged 38)
- Leo Tolstoy (aged 31)
- Dmitri Mendeleev (aged 25)
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (aged 19)
- Thomas Edison (aged 12)
- Vincent van Gogh (aged 6)