20 July plot
Stauffenberg's briefcase bomb only grazes Hitler
On 20 July 1944 Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg carried a briefcase holding a kilogram of explosive into a conference at the Wolf's Lair and set it near Hitler; an officer pushed it behind a heavy table leg, and at 12:42 the blast only lightly injured him. Stauffenberg was shot that night; the Gestapo arrested over 7,000 people and executed 4,980.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Whole world
- 1939–1945 World War II — 5 years earlier
- 1944 Bretton Woods Conference — same year
- 1947–1991 Cold War — 3 years later
- 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights — 4 years later
- 1949 Founding of NATO — 5 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1936–1938 Great Purge — 8 years earlier
- 1941–1944 Siege of Leningrad — 3 years earlier
- 1942–1943 Battle of Stalingrad — 2 years earlier
- 1945 German surrender and Victory Day — 1 year later
- 1957 Sputnik 1, the first satellite — 13 years later
Middle East
- 1932 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia proclaimed — 12 years earlier
- 1941 Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran — 3 years earlier
- 1948 Founding of the State of Israel — 4 years later
- 1948–1949 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the Nakba — 4 years later
- 1953 Iranian coup against Mosaddegh — 9 years later
Africa
- 1935–1937 Italy invades Ethiopia — 9 years earlier
- 1948 Apartheid begins in South Africa — 4 years later
- 1952 Egyptian revolution of 1952 — 8 years later
- 1956 The Suez Crisis — 12 years later
- 1958 Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart — 14 years later
Asia
- 1943 Bengal famine — 1 year earlier
- 1945 Atomic bombing of Hiroshima — 1 year later
- 1945 Indonesia proclaims independence — 1 year later
- 1953 First ascent of Everest — 9 years later
- 1966–1976 Cultural Revolution in China — 22 years later
Americas
- 1929 Wall Street Crash — 15 years earlier
- 1933–1939 New Deal — 11 years earlier
- 1945 ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer — 1 year later
- 1947 Invention of the transistor — 3 years later
- 1969 Moon landing — 25 years later
Oceania
- 1936 Death of the last thylacine — 8 years earlier
- 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor — 3 years earlier
- 1942 The Battle of Midway — 2 years earlier
- 1954 The Castle Bravo test at Bikini — 10 years later
- 1959 The Antarctic Treaty — 15 years later
Alive at the time
- Mahatma Gandhi (aged 75)
- Winston Churchill (aged 70)
- Joseph Stalin (aged 66)
- Albert Einstein (aged 65)
- Pablo Picasso (aged 63)
- Adolf Hitler (aged 55)
- Charlie Chaplin (aged 55)
- Mao Zedong (aged 51)
- Georgy Zhukov (aged 48)
- Nelson Mandela (aged 26)