Cold War
The US and USSR rival worldwide without direct war
After the Second World War the United States and the Soviet Union with their allies entered a global rivalry: the arms race, the Iron Curtain in Europe, wars in Korea and Vietnam, the space race. A direct war between the superpowers was avoided, and the rivalry ended with the Soviet collapse.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1928 Discovery of penicillin — 19 years earlier
- 1933 Hitler comes to power — 14 years earlier
- 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War — 11 years earlier
- 1941–1945 The Holocaust — 6 years earlier
- 1953 Discovery of the DNA double helix — 6 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1936–1938 Great Purge — 11 years earlier
- 1941–1944 Siege of Leningrad — 6 years earlier
- 1942–1943 Battle of Stalingrad — 5 years earlier
- 1945 German surrender and Victory Day — 2 years earlier
- 1957 Sputnik 1, the first satellite — 10 years later
Middle East
- 1932 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia proclaimed — 15 years earlier
- 1948 Founding of the State of Israel — 1 year later
Africa
- 1935–1937 Italy invades Ethiopia — 12 years earlier
- 1956 The Suez Crisis — 9 years later
- 1958 Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart — 11 years later
- 1960 Year of Africa — 13 years later
- 1963 The Organisation of African Unity is founded — 16 years later
Asia
- 1945 Atomic bombing of Hiroshima — 2 years earlier
- 1945 Indonesia proclaims independence — 2 years earlier
- 1947 Independence and Partition of India — same year
- 1949 Founding of the People's Republic of China — 2 years later
- 1953 First ascent of Everest — 6 years later
Americas
- 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression — 18 years earlier
- 1945 ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer — 2 years earlier
- 1947 Invention of the transistor — same year
- 1969 Moon landing — 22 years later
- c. 1970 Mass deforestation of the Amazon begins — 23 years later
Oceania
- 1936 Death of the last thylacine — 11 years earlier
- 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor — 6 years earlier
- 1942 The Battle of Midway — 5 years earlier
- 1954 The Castle Bravo test at Bikini — 7 years later
- 1959 The Antarctic Treaty — 12 years later
Alive at the time
- Mahatma Gandhi (aged 78)
- Winston Churchill (aged 73)
- Joseph Stalin (aged 69)
- Albert Einstein (aged 68)
- Pablo Picasso (aged 66)
- Charlie Chaplin (aged 58)
- Mao Zedong (aged 54)
- Nelson Mandela (aged 29)
- Martin Luther King Jr. (aged 18)
- Neil Armstrong (aged 17)