Pedro II of Brazil
1825 – 1891 · 66 years · Rio de Janeiro · Americas
Brazil's last emperor, reigning for nearly 50 years (1831–1889); slavery was abolished in Brazil during his reign.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Portrait: Alphonse Liébert · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Queen Victoria — Queen of the United Kingdom, 6 years older
- Karl Marx — philosopher and economist, 7 years older
- Charles Darwin — naturalist, author of evolutionary theory, 16 years older
- Vincent van Gogh — painter, 28 years younger
- Marie Curie — physicist and chemist, twice Nobel laureate, 42 years younger
- Winston Churchill — Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 49 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Leo Tolstoy — novelist, 3 years younger
- Dmitri Mendeleev — chemist, creator of the periodic table, 9 years younger
- Fyodor Dostoevsky — novelist, 4 years older
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky — composer, 15 years younger
- Vladimir Lenin — revolutionary, head of the Soviet government, 45 years younger
- Joseph Stalin — leader of the Soviet Union, 53 years younger
Middle East
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk — founder and first President of Turkey, 56 years younger
- Abdul Hamid II — the 'Red Sultan' who dissolved the first parliament, 17 years younger
- Abdulmejid I — sultan of the Tanzimat reforms, 2 years older
- Mehmed VI — last Ottoman sultan, 36 years younger
- Mahmud II — sultan who destroyed the Janissaries, 40 years older
- Mehmed V Reşad — sultan under whom the empire entered World War I, 19 years younger
Africa
- David Livingstone — explorer of Africa and missionary, 12 years older
- Menelik II — Emperor of Ethiopia, 19 years younger
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt — ruler of Egypt, 56 years older
- Samori Ture — founder of the Wassoulou Empire, 3 years younger
- Yaa Asantewaa — Queen Mother of Ejisu, war leader, 15 years younger
- Moshoeshoe I — founder of Lesotho, 39 years older
Asia
- Mahatma Gandhi — leader of the Indian independence movement, 44 years younger
- Tokugawa Yoshinobu — last shogun, who handed power back to the emperor, 12 years younger
- Emperor Meiji — Emperor of Japan, 27 years younger
- Rabindranath Tagore — poet and writer, Nobel laureate, 36 years younger
- Sun Yat-sen — revolutionary, founding father of the ROC, 41 years younger
- Katsushika Hokusai — Japanese artist, 65 years older
Americas
- Thomas Edison — inventor and businessman, 22 years younger
- Abraham Lincoln — 16th President of the United States, 16 years older
- Nikola Tesla — inventor and electrical engineer, 31 years younger
- Ulysses S. Grant — 18th US president, commanding general of the Union Army, 3 years older
- Mark Twain — writer and humorist, 10 years younger
- Benito Juárez — President of Mexico, 19 years older
Oceania
- Ernest Rutherford — physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus, 46 years younger
- Henry Parkes — Premier of New South Wales, 'Father of Federation', 10 years older
- Liliʻuokalani — Queen of Hawaii, 13 years younger
- Truganini — Aboriginal Tasmanian woman, 13 years older
- Kate Sheppard — suffragist, 22 years younger
- Nellie Melba — operatic soprano, 36 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay — aged 3, Middle East
- c. 1831 Hokusai's Great Wave off Kanagawa — aged 6, Asia
- 1833 Abolition of slavery in the British Empire — aged 8, Europe
- c. 1835–1846 The Great Trek — aged 10, Africa
- 1835 Darwin in the Galápagos — aged 10, Americas
- 1838–1839 Trail of Tears — aged 13, Americas
- 1839–1842 First Opium War — aged 14, Asia
- 1839 Birth of photography: the daguerreotype — aged 14, Europe
- 1839 The Edict of Gülhane opens the Tanzimat — aged 14, Middle East
- 1839–1842 First Anglo-Afghan War — aged 14, Middle East
- 1845–1852 Great Famine in Ireland — aged 20, Europe
- 1846 First public demonstration of ether anaesthesia — aged 21, Americas
- 1846–1848 Mexican–American War — aged 21, Americas
- 1847 Liberia declares independence — aged 22, Africa
- 1848–1849 Revolutions of 1848 — aged 23, Europe
- 1848 The Communist Manifesto — aged 23, Europe
- 1851 The Australian gold rushes — aged 26, Oceania
- 1853–1854 Commodore Perry's Black Ships — aged 28, Asia
- 1853–1856 Crimean War — aged 28, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1859 Darwin's On the Origin of Species — aged 34, Europe
- 1861 Unification of Italy — aged 36, Europe
- 1861 Emancipation of the serfs in Russia — aged 36, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1861–1865 American Civil War — aged 36, Americas
- 1863 Emancipation Proclamation — aged 38, Americas
- 1864–1870 Paraguayan War — aged 39, Americas
- 1867 Alaska Purchase — aged 42, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1867 Canadian Confederation — aged 42, Americas
- 1868 Meiji Restoration — aged 43, Asia
- 1869 Opening of the Suez Canal — aged 44, Africa
- 1869 Tolstoy's War and Peace — aged 44, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1869 First transcontinental railroad — aged 44, Americas
- 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War — aged 45, Europe
- 1871 Unification of Germany — aged 46, Europe
- 1871 Paris Commune — aged 46, Europe
- 1876 Invention of the telephone — aged 51, Americas
- 1879 Edison's incandescent lamp — aged 54, Americas
- 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa — aged 58, Asia
- 1885 Founding of the Indian National Congress — aged 60, Asia
- 1886 Benz's first automobile — aged 61, Europe
- 1889 Eiffel Tower — aged 64, Europe