Friedrich Engels
.jpg?width=160 "William Hall (1826–ca. 1898) (cropped and sepia tone removed) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons")
1820 – 1895 · 75 years · Manchester · Europe
Philosophy: Marxism
A manufacturer's son who described workers' lives in The Condition of the Working Class in England. He co-wrote The Communist Manifesto with Marx and edited the second and third volumes of Capital after Marx's death.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Portrait: William Hall (1826–ca. 1898) (cropped and sepia tone removed) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
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Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Queen Victoria — Queen of the United Kingdom, 1 year older
- Karl Marx — philosopher and economist, 2 years older
- Charles Darwin — naturalist, author of evolutionary theory, 11 years older
- Vincent van Gogh — painter, 33 years younger
- Marie Curie — physicist and chemist, twice Nobel laureate, 47 years younger
- Winston Churchill — Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 54 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Leo Tolstoy — novelist, 8 years younger
- Dmitri Mendeleev — chemist, creator of the periodic table, 14 years younger
- Fyodor Dostoevsky — novelist, 1 year younger
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky — composer, 20 years younger
- Vladimir Lenin — revolutionary, head of the Soviet government, 50 years younger
- Alexander Pushkin — Russian poet, 21 years older
Middle East
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk — founder and first President of Turkey, 61 years younger
- Abdul Hamid II — the 'Red Sultan' who dissolved the first parliament, 22 years younger
- Abdulmejid I — sultan of the Tanzimat reforms, 3 years younger
- Mehmed VI — last Ottoman sultan, 41 years younger
- Mahmud II — sultan who destroyed the Janissaries, 35 years older
- Mehmed V Reşad — sultan under whom the empire entered World War I, 24 years younger
Africa
- David Livingstone — explorer of Africa and missionary, 7 years older
- Menelik II — Emperor of Ethiopia, 24 years younger
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt — ruler of Egypt, 51 years older
- Samori Ture — founder of the Wassoulou Empire, 8 years younger
- Yaa Asantewaa — Queen Mother of Ejisu, war leader, 20 years younger
- Moshoeshoe I — founder of Lesotho, 34 years older
Asia
- Mahatma Gandhi — leader of the Indian independence movement, 49 years younger
- Tokugawa Yoshinobu — last shogun, who handed power back to the emperor, 17 years younger
- Emperor Meiji — Emperor of Japan, 32 years younger
- Rabindranath Tagore — poet and writer, Nobel laureate, 41 years younger
- Katsushika Hokusai — Japanese artist, 60 years older
- Sun Yat-sen — revolutionary, founding father of the ROC, 46 years younger
Americas
- Thomas Edison — inventor and businessman, 27 years younger
- Abraham Lincoln — 16th President of the United States, 11 years older
- Nikola Tesla — inventor and electrical engineer, 36 years younger
- Simón Bolívar — liberator of South America, 37 years older
- Ulysses S. Grant — 18th US president, commanding general of the Union Army, 2 years younger
- Mark Twain — writer and humorist, 15 years younger
Oceania
- Ernest Rutherford — physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus, 51 years younger
- Henry Parkes — Premier of New South Wales, 'Father of Federation', 5 years older
- Liliʻuokalani — Queen of Hawaii, 18 years younger
- Truganini — Aboriginal Tasmanian woman, 8 years older
- Kate Sheppard — suffragist, 27 years younger
- Nellie Melba — operatic soprano, 41 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1822 Independence of Brazil — aged 2, Americas
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay — aged 8, Middle East
- c. 1831 Hokusai's Great Wave off Kanagawa — aged 11, Asia
- 1833 Abolition of slavery in the British Empire — aged 13, Europe
- c. 1835–1846 The Great Trek — aged 15, Africa
- 1835 Darwin in the Galápagos — aged 15, Americas
- 1838–1839 Trail of Tears — aged 18, Americas
- 1839–1842 First Opium War — aged 19, Asia
- 1839 Birth of photography: the daguerreotype — aged 19, Europe
- 1839 The Edict of Gülhane opens the Tanzimat — aged 19, Middle East
- 1839–1842 First Anglo-Afghan War — aged 19, Middle East
- 1845–1852 Great Famine in Ireland — aged 25, Europe
- 1846 First public demonstration of ether anaesthesia — aged 26, Americas
- 1846–1848 Mexican–American War — aged 26, Americas
- 1847 Liberia declares independence — aged 27, Africa
- 1848–1849 Revolutions of 1848 — aged 28, Europe
- 1848 The Communist Manifesto — aged 28, Europe
- 1850–1864 Taiping Rebellion — aged 30, Asia
- 1851 The Australian gold rushes — aged 31, Oceania
- 1853–1854 Commodore Perry's Black Ships — aged 33, Asia
- 1853–1856 Crimean War — aged 33, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1859 Darwin's On the Origin of Species — aged 39, Europe
- 1861 Unification of Italy — aged 41, Europe
- 1861 Emancipation of the serfs in Russia — aged 41, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1861–1865 American Civil War — aged 41, Americas
- 1863 Emancipation Proclamation — aged 43, Americas
- 1864 End of the Caucasian War and the Circassian expulsion — aged 44, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1864–1870 Paraguayan War — aged 44, Americas
- 1865 Assassination of Abraham Lincoln — aged 45, Americas
- 1867 Alaska Purchase — aged 47, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1867 Canadian Confederation — aged 47, Americas
- 1868 Meiji Restoration — aged 48, Asia
- 1869 Opening of the Suez Canal — aged 49, Africa
- 1876 Invention of the telephone — aged 56, Americas
- 1879 Edison's incandescent lamp — aged 59, Americas
- 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa — aged 63, Asia
- 1885 Founding of the Indian National Congress — aged 65, Asia
- 1886 Benz's first automobile — aged 66, Europe
- 1889 Eiffel Tower — aged 69, Europe
- 1893 New Zealand women win the vote — aged 73, Oceania