Eastern Roman Empire

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395 – 1453 · up to 2,603 thousand km² · Europe, Middle East

Capital: Constantinople (330–1453)

The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'.

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Predecessors: Ancient Rome, Low Roman Empire, Eastern Roman Empire, Roman Empire

Successors: Umayyad Caliphate, Rashidun Caliphate, Ottoman Empire, Empire of Trebizond

Rulers

Rome and Byzantium

Constantine the Great 284 – 395, Western Empire 395 – 476, Justinian I 476 – 610, Heraclians and Isaurians 610 – 867

Events on its territory

• 526 Antioch earthquake
• 529–534 Code of Justinian
• 536 Volcanic winter of 536
• 537 Hagia Sophia consecrated
• 541–549 Plague of Justinian