Rashidun Caliphate

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632 – 661 · up to 7,090 thousand km² · Middle East

Capital: Medina (632–656), Kufa (656–661)

The Rashidun Caliphate was the early Islamic polity led by the first four successive caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, collectively known as the Rashidun, or "Rightly Guided" caliphs. These early caliphs led the Muslim community from the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 CE to the establishment of the succeeding Umayyad Caliphate in 661 CE.

Wikipedia (English)

Predecessors: Eastern Roman Empire, Diocese of Egypt, Sasanian Empire, Prophetic era

Successors: Umayyad Caliphate

Events on its territory

• 636 Battle of the Yarmuk
• 638–639 Plague of Amwas
• 641 Arab conquest of Egypt