Battle of Nineveh
Heraclius crushes the Persians in the Sasanian heartland
On 12 December 627 Emperor Heraclius routed the Persian army near the ruins of Nineveh. Shah Khosrow II was soon deposed and killed and Persia returned all its conquests to Byzantium, but both empires came out of the war exhausted on the eve of the Arab conquests.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 626 Siege of Constantinople (626) — 1 year earlier
Africa
- 652 The Baqt treaty with Nubia — 25 years later
Asia
- 605–610 Grand Canal of China — 22 years earlier
- 618 Founding of the Tang dynasty — 9 years earlier
- 628 Brahmagupta and the rules of zero — 1 year later
- 629–645 Xuanzang's journey to the West — 2 years later
Alive at the time
- Muhammad (aged 57)
- Ali ibn Abi Talib (aged 27)
- Pakal the Great (aged 24)
- Wu Zetian (aged 3)
- Emperor Taizong of Tang (aged 29)
- Xuanzang (aged 25)