Continental rationalism
Certain knowledge comes from reason, not the senses: "I think, therefore I am"
Key ideas
- Doubt everything except thinking itself
- Innate ideas
- The method of mathematics as the model for philosophy
- Descartes: mind and body are two substances; Spinoza: God and nature are one
Key thinkers
- René Descartes (founder) — French philosopher and mathematician, 1596–1650
- Baruch Spinoza — Dutch philosopher, 1632–1677
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz — German philosopher and mathematician, 1646–1716
Grew out of
- Scholasticism c. 1100 – 1700 · Europe
What grew out of it
- The Enlightenment c. 1685 – 1815 · Europe
- German idealism c. 1781 – 1850 · Europe
Meanwhile elsewhere
- Confucianism Asia
- Buddhist philosophy Asia
- Taoism Asia
- Nyaya Asia
- Madhyamaka Asia
- Yogachara Asia
- Chan and Zen Asia
- Advaita Vedanta Asia
- Kalam Middle East
- Neo-Confucianism Asia