Chan and Zen
Awakening comes not from books but from directly seeing one's own nature in meditation
Key ideas
- Seated meditation (zazen)
- Sudden awakening
- Transmission "from mind to mind", outside the scriptures
- Koans, the masters' paradoxical questions
- Reached Japan from China in the 12th–13th centuries
Key thinkers
- Dōgen — Japanese Zen Buddhist teacher, 1200–1253
Grew out of
- Buddhist philosophy c. since 500 BC · Asia
- Taoism c. since 400 BC · Asia
What grew out of it
- Neo-Confucianism c. 1000 – 1900 · Asia
- Kyoto School c. 1911 – 1990 · Asia
Meanwhile elsewhere
- Cynicism Europe
- Patristics Africa
- Neoplatonism Europe
- Kalam Middle East
- Falsafa Middle East
- Nominalism Europe
- Scholasticism Europe
- Renaissance humanism Europe
- British empiricism Europe
- Continental rationalism Europe
- The Enlightenment Europe
- German idealism Europe
- Utilitarianism Europe
- Positivism Europe
- American transcendentalism Americas
- Russian religious philosophy Eastern Europe & Russia
- Existentialism Europe
- Marxism Europe
- Pragmatism Americas
- Russian cosmism Eastern Europe & Russia
- Phenomenology Europe
- Analytic philosophy Europe
- Structuralism Europe
- Logical positivism Europe
- Négritude Africa
- Postmodern philosophy Europe