Battle of Buxar
The East India Company defeats the Mughal emperor and nawabs

East India Company troops under Hector Munro defeated the combined army of Mir Qasim of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh and Emperor Shah Alam II. By the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765 the Company won the right to collect revenue in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa — the start of British rule in India.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake — 9 years earlier
- 1756–1763 Seven Years' War — 8 years earlier
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution — 4 years earlier
- 1769 Watt's steam engine — 5 years later
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — 25 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1762 Accession of Catherine the Great — 2 years earlier
- 1764 Founding of the Hermitage — same year
- c. 1768 Extinction of Steller's sea cow — 4 years later
- 1772–1795 Partitions of Poland — 8 years later
- 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca — 10 years later
Middle East
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state — 17 years earlier
Americas
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence — 12 years later
- 1781 Surrender at Yorktown — 17 years later
- 1787 US Constitution — 23 years later
Oceania
- 1768–1771 Cook's first voyage — 4 years later
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — 24 years later
Alive at the time
- Voltaire (aged 70)
- Benjamin Franklin (aged 58)
- Mikhail Lomonosov (aged 53)
- James Cook (aged 36)
- Catherine the Great (aged 35)
- George Washington (aged 32)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (aged 15)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (aged 8)
- Carl Linnaeus (aged 57)
- Leonhard Euler (aged 57)