Battle of Köse Dağ
The Mongols turn the Sultanate of Rum into a vassal
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The Mongol general Baiju routed the army of Kaykhusraw II, Sultan of Rum. The sultanate became a Mongol vassal and soon began to disintegrate; the Anatolian beyliks, the Ottoman among them, later grew from its fragments.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 13th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1231 Papal Inquisition established — 12 years earlier
- 1241 Mongols in Europe: Legnica and Mohi — 2 years earlier
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1223 Battle of the Kalka River — 20 years earlier
- 1237–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus' — 6 years earlier
- 1240 Batu Khan takes Kiev — 3 years earlier
- c. 1242 The Golden Horde is founded — 1 year earlier
Asia
- 1219 The Mongols invade Khwarazm — 24 years earlier
- 1227 Fall of Western Xia and death of Genghis Khan — 16 years earlier
- c. 1251 The Tripitaka Koreana — 8 years later
- 1257 Samalas eruption — 14 years later
Oceania
- c. 1250 The moai of Easter Island — 7 years later
Alive at the time
- Kublai Khan (aged 28)
- Alexander Nevsky (aged 22)
- Frederick II (aged 49)
- Rumi (aged 36)
- Saint Louis (Louis IX) (aged 29)
- Sundiata Keita (aged 26)
- Rudolf I (aged 25)
- Thomas Aquinas (aged 18)
- Edward I Longshanks (aged 4)
- Fibonacci (aged 73)