Battle of Gaugamela
Darius III flees and the Persian Achaemenid empire collapses
Alexander the Great routed the army of the Persian king Darius III, who fled the field. Babylon, Susa and Persepolis soon fell; the Achaemenid Empire collapsed and Alexander became master of an empire from Greece to India.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 4th century BC
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Africa
- 331 BC Founding of Alexandria — same year
Asia
- c. 322 BC Founding of the Maurya Empire — 9 years later
Alive at the time
- Aristotle (aged 53)
- Alexander the Great (aged 25)
- Mencius (aged 41)
- Chandragupta Maurya (aged 9)
- Olympias (aged 44)
- Zhuangzi (aged 38)
- Ptolemy I Soter (aged 36)
- Pytheas (aged 19)
- Qu Yuan (aged 9)