Battle of Moscow
A counteroffensive at the capital's gates drives the Germans back
In October 1941 German forces launched Operation Typhoon against Moscow and came within about 30 km of the city. On 5 December the Red Army counter-attacked and by January 1942 had driven the enemy back 100–250 km.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Whole world
- 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic — 23 years earlier
- 1939–1945 World War II — 2 years earlier
- 1947–1991 Cold War — 6 years later
- 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights — 7 years later
- 1949 Founding of NATO — 8 years later
Europe
- 1928 Discovery of penicillin — 13 years earlier
- 1933 Hitler comes to power — 8 years earlier
- 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War — 5 years earlier
- 1941–1945 The Holocaust — same year
- 1953 Discovery of the DNA double helix — 12 years later
Middle East
- 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement — 25 years earlier
- 1916–1918 The Arab Revolt — 25 years earlier
- 1932 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia proclaimed — 9 years earlier
- 1948 Founding of the State of Israel — 7 years later
Africa
- 1922 Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb — 19 years earlier
- 1935–1937 Italy invades Ethiopia — 6 years earlier
- 1956 The Suez Crisis — 15 years later
- 1958 Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart — 17 years later
- 1960 Year of Africa — 19 years later
Asia
- 1934–1935 Long March — 7 years earlier
- 1945 Atomic bombing of Hiroshima — 4 years later
- 1945 Indonesia proclaims independence — 4 years later
- 1947 Independence and Partition of India — 6 years later
- 1953 First ascent of Everest — 12 years later
Americas
- 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression — 12 years earlier
- c. 1930–1936 Dust Bowl — 11 years earlier
- 1945 ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer — 4 years later
- 1947 Invention of the transistor — 6 years later
- 1955 Salk polio vaccine declared safe — 14 years later
Oceania
- 1936 Death of the last thylacine — 5 years earlier
- 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor — same year
- 1942 The Battle of Midway — 1 year later
- 1954 The Castle Bravo test at Bikini — 13 years later
- 1959 The Antarctic Treaty — 18 years later
Alive at the time
- Nikola Tesla (aged 85)
- Mahatma Gandhi (aged 72)
- Winston Churchill (aged 67)
- Joseph Stalin (aged 63)
- Albert Einstein (aged 62)
- Pablo Picasso (aged 60)
- Adolf Hitler (aged 52)
- Charlie Chaplin (aged 52)
- Mao Zedong (aged 48)
- Nelson Mandela (aged 23)