Tumu Crisis
The Oirats capture the emperor of China
On the advice of the eunuch Wang Zhen, the Zhengtong Emperor led an army against Esen Taishi's Oirats himself and was captured at Tumu fortress. Minister Yu Qian enthroned his brother and saved Beijing; the Ming turned to defence and began extending the Great Wall.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1429 Joan of Arc relieves Orléans — 20 years earlier
- c. 1450 Gutenberg's printing press — 1 year later
- 1453 Battle of Castillon — 4 years later
- 1455–1487 Wars of the Roses — 6 years later
- 1469 Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella — 20 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1425–1453 Muscovite War of Succession — 24 years earlier
- c. 1469 Afanasy Nikitin's journey to India — 20 years later
Middle East
- 1453 Fall of Constantinople — 4 years later
Americas
- c. 1438 Pachacuti founds the Inca Empire — 11 years earlier
- c. 1450 Building of Machu Picchu — 1 year later
- c. 1450 Founding of the Iroquois Confederacy — 1 year later
Oceania
- c. 1445 Extinction of the moa — 4 years earlier
Alive at the time
- Johannes Gutenberg (aged 49)
- Mehmed II (aged 17)
- Sejong the Great (aged 52)
- Charles VII (aged 46)
- Murad II (aged 45)
- Pachacuti (aged 31)
- Louis XI (aged 26)
- Ashikaga Yoshimasa (aged 13)
- Ivan III (aged 9)
- Ulugh Beg (aged 55)