Capture of Rome
Through a breach at Porta Pia, Rome becomes Italy's capital
Once the French garrison had left Rome after Napoleon III's defeat, the Italian army breached the wall at Porta Pia on 20 September 1870 and entered the city. The Papal States ceased to exist, Rome became Italy's capital, and Pope Pius IX declared himself a 'prisoner in the Vatican'.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1861 Emancipation of the serfs in Russia — 9 years earlier
- 1864 End of the Caucasian War and the Circassian expulsion — 6 years earlier
- 1867 Alaska Purchase — 3 years earlier
- 1869 Tolstoy's War and Peace — 1 year earlier
- 1877 Premiere of Swan Lake — 7 years later
Middle East
- 1876–1878 The first Ottoman constitution — 6 years later
Africa
- 1869 Opening of the Suez Canal — 1 year earlier
- 1879 Battle of Isandlwana — 9 years later
- 1882 Britain occupies Egypt — 12 years later
- 1885 The Mahdists take Khartoum — 15 years later
- 1885–1908 The Congo Free State — 15 years later
Asia
- 1853–1854 Commodore Perry's Black Ships — 17 years earlier
- 1868 Meiji Restoration — 2 years earlier
- 1876–1878 Great Famine in India — 6 years later
- 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa — 13 years later
- 1885 Founding of the Indian National Congress — 15 years later
Americas
- 1865 Assassination of Abraham Lincoln — 5 years earlier
- 1867 Canadian Confederation — 3 years earlier
- 1869 First transcontinental railroad — 1 year earlier
- 1876 Invention of the telephone — 6 years later
- 1879 Edison's incandescent lamp — 9 years later
Oceania
- 1851 The Australian gold rushes — 19 years earlier
- 1893 New Zealand women win the vote — 23 years later
- 1893 Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom — 23 years later
Alive at the time
- Charles Darwin (aged 61)
- Karl Marx (aged 52)
- Queen Victoria (aged 51)
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (aged 49)
- Leo Tolstoy (aged 42)
- Dmitri Mendeleev (aged 36)
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (aged 30)
- Thomas Edison (aged 23)
- Vincent van Gogh (aged 17)
- Nikola Tesla (aged 14)