Battle of Samugarh
Aurangzeb defeats his brother and seizes the Mughal throne
In the war of succession to the ailing Shah Jahan, his son Aurangzeb defeated the army of his elder brother Dara Shikoh near Agra on 29 May 1658. Aurangzeb confined his father in Agra Fort, executed Dara and reigned for almost half a century, bringing the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent.
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Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1640–1668 Portugal regains independence — 18 years earlier
- 1648 Peace of Westphalia — 10 years earlier
- 1649 Execution of Charles I of England — 9 years earlier
- 1676 Leeuwenhoek sees microbes — 18 years later
- 1683 Battle of Vienna — 25 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1649 Law Code of 1649 — 9 years earlier
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — 4 years earlier
- 1667 Truce of Andrusovo — 9 years later
- 1682 Accession of Peter the Great — 24 years later
Africa
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — 4 years later
Alive at the time
- Rembrandt (aged 52)
- Louis XIV (aged 20)
- Isaac Newton (aged 15)
- Kangxi Emperor (aged 4)
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba (aged 75)
- Thomas Hobbes (aged 70)
- Shah Jahan (aged 66)
- Oliver Cromwell (aged 59)
- Aurangzeb (aged 40)
- Alexis the Most Quiet (aged 29)